Results for 'Mark Changizi'

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  1.  22
    Function identification from noisy data with recursive error Bounds.Mark Changizi - 1996 - Erkenntnis 45 (1):91 - 102.
    New success criteria of inductive inference in computational learning theory are introduced which model learning total (not necessarily recursive) functions with (possibly everywhere) imprecise theories from (possibly always) inaccurate data. It is proved that for any level of error allowable by the new success criteria, there exists a class of recursive functions such that not all f are identifiable via the criterion at that level of error. Also, necessary and sufficient conditions on the error level are given for when more (...)
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  2.  42
    Response to Briscoe (2010).Mark A. Changizi - 2010 - Cognitive Science 34 (8):1543-1547.
    In an earlier paper my colleagues and I put forth a theory called “perceiving-the-present” that predicts a systematic pattern across a large variety of illusions, and we presented evidence that the systematic pattern exists. Briscoe puts forth arguments against the theory and the existence of the systematic pattern. Here I provide counterarguments to his criticisms of the theory, and I explain why his arguments do not bear on the existence of the systematic pattern.
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  3.  18
    Perceiving the Present and a Systematization of Illusions.Mark A. Changizi, Andrew Hsieh, Romi Nijhawan, Ryota Kanai & Shinsuke Shimojo - 2008 - Cognitive Science 32 (3):459-503.
    Over the history of the study of visual perception there has been great success at discovering countless visual illusions. There has been less success in organizing the overwhelming variety of illusions into empirical generalizations (much less explaining them all via a unifying theory). Here, this article shows that it is possible to systematically organize more than 50 kinds of illusion into a 7 × 4 matrix of 28 classes. In particular, this article demonstrates that (1) smaller sizes, (2) slower speeds, (...)
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  4.  24
    The Brain From 25000 Feet: High Level Explorations of Brain Complexity, Perception, Innateness and Vagueness.Mark A. Changizi - 2003 - Kluwer Academic Publishers.
    This book is a must-read for researchers interested in taking a high-level, non-mechanistic approach to answering age-old fundamental questions in the brain ...
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  5. The Brain from 25,000 Feet: High Level Explorations of Brain Complexity, Perception, Induction and Vagueness.Mark A. Changizi - 2004 - Synthese 141 (2):277-285.
  6.  49
    Common scaling laws for city highway systems and the mammalian neocortex.Mark A. Changizi & Marc Destefano - 2010 - Complexity 15 (3):NA-NA.
  7.  49
    Four correlates of complex behavioral networks: Differentiation, behavior, connectivity, and compartmentalization: Carving networks at their joints.Mark A. Changizi & Darren He - 2005 - Complexity 10 (6):13-40.
  8.  51
    Vagueness, rationality and undecidability: A theory of why there is vagueness.Mark A. Changizi - 1999 - Synthese 120 (3):345 - 374.
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  9.  35
    Vagueness, Rationality And Undecidability: A Theory Of Why There Is Vagueness.Mark A. Changizi - 1999 - Synthese 120 (3):345-374.
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  10. Vagueness and Computation: A Theory of Why there is Vagueness.Mark A. Changizi - 1999 - Acta Analytica 14 (1):39--45.
  11. A paradigm-based solution to the Riddle of induction.Mark A. Changizi & Timothy P. Barber - 1998 - Synthese 117 (3):419-484.
  12.  6
    Mathematica's first academic monograph.Mark Changizi - 2002 - Complexity 8 (2):63-65.
  13.  4
    The intricate process of implication.Mark A. Changizi - 2002 - Complexity 7 (3):17-18.
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  14.  71
    The trade-off between speed and complexity.Mark Andrew Changizi - 2008 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 31 (2):203-203.
    The hypothesis that there has been selection pressure for mechanisms which enable us to perceive the present tends to be conflated with the hypothesis that there has been selection pressure for mechanisms that compensate for inevitable neural delay. The relationship between the two is more subtle, because increases in neural delay can be advantageous for building more useful perceptions.
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  15.  21
    Review of A new kind of science by Stephen Wolfram. Wolfram Media Inc., 2002. [REVIEW]Mark Changizi - 2002 - Complexity 8 (2):63-65.
  16. Review essay: Meditations on first neuroscience: Critical notice of mark Changizi's the brain from 25,000 feet. [REVIEW]Dan Ryder - 2004 - Synthese 141 (2):277 - 285.
  17. Perceiving the Present: Systematization of Illusions or Illusion of Systematization?Robert E. Briscoe - 2010 - Cognitive Science 34 (8):1530-1542.
    Mark Changizi et al. (2008) claim that it is possible systematically to organize more than 50 kinds of illusions in a 7 × 4 matrix of 28 classes. This systematization, they further maintain, can be explained by the operation of a single visual processing latency correction mechanism that they call “perceiving the present” (PTP). This brief report raises some concerns about the way a number of illusions are classified by the proposed systematization. It also poses two general problems—one (...)
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  18. Decision theory as philosophy.Mark Kaplan - 1983 - Philosophy of Science 50 (4):549-577.
    Is Bayesian decision theory a panacea for many of the problems in epistemology and the philosophy of science, or is it philosophical snake-oil? For years a debate had been waged amongst specialists regarding the import and legitimacy of this body of theory. Mark Kaplan had written the first accessible and non-technical book to address this controversy. Introducing a new variant on Bayesian decision theory the author offers a compelling case that, while no panacea, decision theory does in fact have (...)
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  19. Self, no self?: perspectives from analytical, phenomenological, and Indian traditions.Mark Siderits, Evan Thompson & Dan Zahavi (eds.) - 2011 - Oxford: Oxford University Press.
    It is time to bring the rich resources of these traditions into the contemporary debate about the nature of self. This volume is the first of its kind.
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  20.  76
    Computation, individuation, and the received view on representation.Mark Sprevak - 2010 - Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part A 41 (3):260-270.
    The ‘received view’ about computation is that all computations must involve representational content. Egan and Piccinini argue against the received view. In this paper, I focus on Egan’s arguments, claiming that they fall short of establishing that computations do not involve representational content. I provide positive arguments explaining why computation has to involve representational content, and how that representational content may be of any type. I also argue that there is no need for computational psychology to be individualistic. Finally, I (...)
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  21.  90
    The Applicability of Mathematics as a Philosophical Problem.Mark Steiner - 1998 - Harvard University Press.
    This book analyzes the different ways mathematics is applicable in the physical sciences, and presents a startling thesis--the success of mathematical physics ...
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  22. Buddhism as Philosophy: An Introduction.Mark Siderits - 2007 - Hackett Pub. Co..
    In this clear, concise account, Siderits makes the Buddhist tradition accessible to a Western audience, offering generous selections from the canonical Buddhist texts and providing an engaging, analytical introduction to the basic tenets of Buddhist thought.
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  23.  90
    Two Kinds of Information Processing in Cognition.Mark Sprevak - 2020 - Review of Philosophy and Psychology 11 (3):591-611.
    What is the relationship between information and representation? Dating back at least to Dretske (1981), an influential answer has been that information is a rung on a ladder that gets one to representation. Representation is information, or representation is information plus some other ingredient. In this paper, I argue that this approach oversimplifies the relationship between information and representation. If one takes current probabilistic models of cognition seriously, information is connected to representation in a new way. It enters as a (...)
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  24.  44
    How Things Are: An Introduction to Buddhist Metaphysics.Mark Siderits - 2021 - New York, NY, United States of America: Oxford University Press.
    "This work is designed to introduce some of the more important fruits of Indian Buddhist metaphysical theorizing to philosophers with little or no prior knowledge of classical Indian philosophy. It is widely known among non-specialists that Buddhists deny the existence of a self. Less widely appreciated among philosophers currently working in metaphysics is the fact that the Indian Buddhist tradition contains a wealth of material on a broad assortment of other issues that have also been foci of recent debate. Indian (...)
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  25.  63
    Inference to the hypothesis of extended cognition.Mark Sprevak - 2010 - Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part A 41 (4):353-362.
    This paper examines the justification for the hypothesis of extended cognition. HEC claims that human cognitive processes can, and often do, extend outside our head to include objects in the environment. HEC has been justified by inference to the best explanation. Both advocates and critics of HEC claim that we can infer the truth value of HEC based on whether HEC makes a positive or negative explanatory contribution to cognitive science. I argue that IBE cannot play this epistemic role. A (...)
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  26. Mathematical explanation.Mark Steiner - 1978 - Philosophical Studies 34 (2):135 - 151.
  27.  41
    The Hard Problem of Consciousness and the Free Energy Principle.Mark Solms - 2019 - Frontiers in Psychology 9.
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  28.  55
    Predictive coding I: Introduction.Mark Sprevak - 2024 - Philosophy Compass 19 (1):e12950.
    Predictive coding – sometimes also known as ‘predictive processing’, ‘free energy minimisation’, or ‘prediction error minimisation’ – claims to offer a complete, unified theory of cognition that stretches all the way from cellular biology to phenomenology. However, the exact content of the view, and how it might achieve its ambitions, is not clear. This series of articles examines predictive coding and attempts to identify its key commitments and justification. The present article begins by focusing on possible confounds with predictive coding: (...)
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  29.  46
    Inferring causal networks from observations and interventions.Mark Steyvers, Joshua B. Tenenbaum, Eric-Jan Wagenmakers & Ben Blum - 2003 - Cognitive Science 27 (3):453-489.
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  30. The Applicability of Mathematics as a Philosophical Problem.Mark Steiner - 2000 - Mind 109 (434):390-394.
  31. Fictionalism about Neural Representations.Mark Sprevak - 2013 - The Monist 96 (4):539-560.
    This paper explores a novel form of Mental Fictionalism: Fictionalism about talk of neural representations in cognitive science. This type of Fictionalism promises to (i) avoid the hard problem of naturalising representations, without (ii) incurring the high costs of eliminating useful representation talk. In this paper, I motivate and articulate this form of Fictionalism, and show that, despite its apparent advantages, it faces two serious objections. These objections are: (1) Fictionalism about talk of neural representations ultimately does not avoid the (...)
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  32.  46
    The Large‐Scale Structure of Semantic Networks: Statistical Analyses and a Model of Semantic Growth.Mark Steyvers & Joshua B. Tenenbaum - 2005 - Cognitive Science 29 (1):41-78.
    We present statistical analyses of the large‐scale structure of 3 types of semantic networks: word associations, WordNet, and Roget's Thesaurus. We show that they have a small‐world structure, characterized by sparse connectivity, short average path lengths between words, and strong local clustering. In addition, the distributions of the number of connections follow power laws that indicate a scale‐free pattern of connectivity, with most nodes having relatively few connections joined together through a small number of hubs with many connections. These regularities (...)
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  33. Mathematics, explanation, and scientific knowledge.Mark Steiner - 1978 - Noûs 12 (1):17-28.
  34.  18
    The Large‐Scale Structure of Semantic Networks: Statistical Analyses and a Model of Semantic Growth.Mark Steyvers & Joshua B. Tenenbaum - 2005 - Cognitive Science 29 (1):41-78.
    We present statistical analyses of the large‐scale structure of 3 types of semantic networks: word associations, WordNet, and Roget's Thesaurus. We show that they have a small‐world structure, characterized by sparse connectivity, short average path lengths between words, and strong local clustering. In addition, the distributions of the number of connections follow power laws that indicate a scale‐free pattern of connectivity, with most nodes having relatively few connections joined together through a small number of hubs with many connections. These regularities (...)
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  35.  43
    Belief, Evidence, and Uncertainty: Problems of Epistemic Inference.Mark Taper, Gordon Brittan & Prasanta Bandyopadhyay - 2016 - Cham, Switzerland: Springer Verlag. Edited by Gordon Brittan Jr & Mark L. Taper.
    It can be demonstrated in a very straightforward way that confirmation and evidence as spelled out by us can vary from one case to the next, that is, a hypothesis may be weakly confirmed and yet the evidence for it can be strong, and conversely, the evidence may be weak and the confirmation strong. At first glance, this seems puzzling; the puzzlement disappears once it is understood that confirmation is of single hypotheses, in which there is an initial degree of (...)
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  36. Why Do College Students Cheat?Mark G. Simkin & Alexander McLeod - 2010 - Journal of Business Ethics 94 (3):441 - 453.
    More is known about the pervasiveness of college cheating than reasons why students cheat. This article reports the results of a study that applied the theory of reasoned action and partial least squares methodology to analyze the responses of 144 students to a survey on cheating behavior. Approximately 60% of the business students and 64% of the non-business students admitted to such behavior. Among cheaters, a "desire to get ahead" was the most important motivating factor - a surprising result given (...)
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  37.  5
    Fragmentation and Consensus: Communitarian and Casuist Bioethics.Mark G. Kuczewski - 1999 - Georgetown University Press.
    Both communitarianism and casuistry have sought to restore ethics as a practical science—the former by incorporating various traditions into a shared definition of the common good, the latter by considering the circumstances of each situation through critical reasoning. Mark G. Kuczewski analyzes the origins and methods of these two approaches and forges from them a new unified approach. This approach takes the communitarian notion of the person as its starting point but also relies upon the narrative and analogical tools (...)
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  38.  47
    The Cultural Evolution of Human Nature.Mark Stanford - 2019 - Acta Biotheoretica 68 (2):275-285.
    Recent years have seen the growing promise of cultural evolutionary theory as a new approach to bringing human behaviour fully within the broader evolutionary synthesis. This review of two recent seminal works on this topic argues that cultural evolution now holds the potential to bring together fields as disparate as neuroscience and social anthropology within a unified explanatory and ontological framework.
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  39.  5
    The ASBH Approach to Certify Clinical Ethics Consultants Is Both Premature and Inadequate.Mark Siegler - 2019 - Journal of Clinical Ethics 30 (2):109-116.
    In November 2018 the American Society for Bioethics and Humanities (ASBH) administered the first Healthcare Ethics Consultant Certification examination to 138 candidates, 136 of whom (98.5 percent) passed and were “certified” as “healthcare ethics consultants.” I believe this certification process is both premature and inadequate.Certification for ethics consultants is premature because, as Kornfeld and Prager state repeatedly in their article in this issue of The Journal of Clinical Ethics, “The Clinician as Clinical Ethics Consultant: An Empirical Method of Study,” there (...)
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  40. The application of mathematics to natural science.Mark Steiner - 1989 - Journal of Philosophy 86 (9):449-480.
    The first part of the essay describes how mathematics, in particular mathematical concepts, are applicable to nature. mathematical constructs have turned out to correspond to physical reality. this correlation between the world and mathematical concepts, it is argued, is a true phenomenon. the second part of this essay argues that the applicability of mathematics to nature is mysterious, in that not only is there no known explanation for the correlation between mathematics and physical reality, but there is a good reason (...)
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  41. Mathematical Knowledge.Mark Steiner - 1977 - Mind 86 (343):467-469.
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  42. The Personhood of the Separated Soul.Mark K. Spencer - 2014 - Nova et Vetera 12 (3).
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  43.  65
    Critical rationalism and engineering: methodology.Mark Staples - 2015 - Synthese 192 (1):337-362.
    Engineering deals with different problem situations than science, and theories in engineering are different to theories in science. So, the growth of knowledge in engineering is also different to that in science. Nonetheless, methodological issues in engineering epistemology can be explored by adapting frameworks already established in the philosophy of science. In this paper I use critical rationalism and Popper’s three worlds framework to investigate error elimination and the growth of knowledge in engineering. I discuss engineering failure arising from the (...)
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  44. The Flexibility of Divine Simplicity.Mark K. Spencer - 2017 - International Philosophical Quarterly 57 (2):123-139.
    Contrary to many interpreters, I argue that Thomas Aquinas’s account of divine simplicity is compatible with the accounts of divine simplicity given by John Duns Scotus and Gregory Palamas. I synthesize their accounts of divine simplicity in a way that can answer the standard objections to the doctrine of divine simplicity more effectively than any of their individual accounts can. The three objections that I consider here are these: the doctrine of divine simplicity is inconsistent with distinguishing divine attributes, with (...)
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  45.  13
    Planning with constraints.Mark Stefik - 1981 - Artificial Intelligence 16 (2):111-139.
  46.  13
    The Large-Scale Structure of Semantic Networks: Statistical Analyses and a Model of Semantic Growth.Mark Steyvers & Joshua B. Tenenbaum - 2005 - Cognitive Science 29 (1):41-78.
    We present statistical analyses of the large‐scale structure of 3 types of semantic networks: word associations, WordNet, and Roget's Thesaurus. We show that they have a small‐world structure, characterized by sparse connectivity, short average path lengths between words, and strong local clustering. In addition, the distributions of the number of connections follow power laws that indicate a scale‐free pattern of connectivity, with most nodes having relatively few connections joined together through a small number of hubs with many connections. These regularities (...)
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  47.  94
    Chinese Rooms and Program Portability.Mark D. Sprevak - 2007 - British Journal for the Philosophy of Science 58 (4):755-776.
    I argue in this article that there is a mistake in Searle's Chinese room argument that has not received sufficient attention. The mistake stems from Searle's use of the Church-Turing thesis. Searle assumes that the Church-Turing thesis licences the assumption that the Chinese room can run any program. I argue that it does not, and that this assumption is false. A number of possible objections are considered and rejected. My conclusion is that it is consistent with Searle's argument to hold (...)
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  48.  72
    Equivalent testimonies as a touchstone of coherence measures.Mark Siebel & Werner Wolff - 2008 - Synthese 161 (2):167-182.
    Over the past years, a number of probabilistic measures of coherence have been proposed. As shown in the paper, however, many of them do not conform to the intuitition that equivalent testimonies are highly coherent, regardless of their prior probability.
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  49. The applicabilities of mathematics.Mark Steiner - 1995 - Philosophia Mathematica 3 (2):129-156.
    Discussions of the applicability of mathematics in the natural sciences have been flawed by failure to realize that there are multiple senses in which mathematics can be ‘applied’ and, correspondingly, multiple problems that stem from the applicability of mathematics. I discuss semantic, metaphysical, descriptive, and and epistemological problems of mathematical applicability, dwelling on Frege's contribution to the solution of the first two types. As for the remaining problems, I discuss the contributions of Hartry Field and Eugene Wigner. Finally, I argue (...)
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  50.  16
    Altarity.Mark C. Taylor - 1987 - University of Chicago Press.
    Explores the strategies of design, contrast, and resonance in the works of Hezel, Heidegger, Bataille, Blanchot, Derrida, and Kierkegaard The history of society and culture is, in large measure, a history of the struggle with the endlessly ...
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