Results for 'Gareth Matthews'

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  1.  22
    Socratic Perplexity: And the Nature of Philosophy.Gareth B. Matthews - 1999 - New York: Oxford University Press UK.
    Gareth Matthews suggests that we can better understand the nature of philosophical inquiry if we recognize the central role played by perplexity. The seminal representation of philosophical perplexity is in Plato's dialogues; Matthews invites us to view this as a response to something inherently problematic in the basic notions that philosophy deals with. He examines the intriguing shifts in Plato's attitude to perplexity and suggests that this development may be seen as an archetypal pattern that philosophers follow (...)
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  2.  48
    Socratic perplexity and the nature of philosophy.Gareth B. Matthews - 1999 - New York: Oxford University Press.
    Gareth Matthews suggests that we can better understand the nature of philosophical inquiry if we recognize the central role played by perplexity. The seminal representation of philosophical perplexity is in Plato's dialogues; Matthews examines the intriguing shifts in Plato's attitude to perplexity and suggests that these may represent a course of philosophical development that philosophers follow even today.
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  3.  13
    Augustine: On the Trinity Books 8-15.Gareth B. Matthews & Stephen McKenna (eds.) - 2002 - Cambridge University Press.
    An appropriate motto for Augustine's great work On the Trinity is 'faith in search of understanding'. In this treatise Augustine offers a part-theological, part-philosophical account of how God might be understood in analogy to the human mind. On the Trinity can be fairly described as the first modern philosophy of mind: it is the first work in philosophy to recognize the 'problem of other minds', and the first to offer the 'argument from analogy' as a response to that problem. Other (...)
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  4. Temporal inabilities and decision-making capacity in depression.Gareth S. Owen, Fabian Freyenhagen, Matthew Hotopf & Wayne Martin - 2015 - Phenomenology and the Cognitive Sciences 14 (1):163-182.
    We report on an interview-based study of decision-making capacity in two classes of patients suffering from depression. Developing a method of second-person hermeneutic phenomenology, we articulate the distinctive combination of temporal agility and temporal inability characteristic of the experience of severely depressed patients. We argue that a cluster of decision-specific temporal abilities is a critical element of decision-making capacity, and we show that loss of these abilities is a risk factor distinguishing severely depressed patients from mildly/moderately depressed patients. We explore (...)
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  5. Accidental unities.Gareth B. Matthews - 1981 - In M. Nussbaum & M. Schofield (eds.), Language and Logos: Studies in Ancient Greek Philosophy Presented to G. E. L. Owen. New York: Cambridge University Press. pp. 223--240.
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  6. Aristotelian essentialism.Gareth B. Matthews - 1990 - Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 50:251-262.
  7. Mental capacity and decisional autonomy: An interdisciplinary challenge.Gareth S. Owen, Fabian Freyenhagen, Genevra Richardson & Matthew Hotopf - 2009 - Inquiry: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Philosophy 52 (1):79 – 107.
    With the waves of reform occurring in mental health legislation in England and other jurisdictions, mental capacity is set to become a key medico-legal concept. The concept is central to the law of informed consent and is closely aligned to the philosophical concept of autonomy. It is also closely related to mental disorder. This paper explores the interdisciplinary terrain where mental capacity is located. Our aim is to identify core dilemmas and to suggest pathways for future interdisciplinary research. The terrain (...)
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  8. Death in socrates, Plato, and Aristotle.Gareth B. Matthews - 2013 - In Fred Feldman Ben Bradley (ed.), The Oxford Handbook of Philosophy of Death. Oxford University Press. pp. 186.
    This chapter examines the views of death by ancient Greek philosophers including Aristotle, Socrates, and Plato. It suggests that Aristotle offered no cheerful optimism similar to Socrates in his “Apology” and did not provide any arguments about the immortality of the soul like Plato in “Phaedo.” What Aristotle attempted to do was to help us face immortality that can enhance our chances of living worthy lives.
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  9.  24
    Descartes and Augustine.Gareth B. Matthews - 1998 - Philosophical and Phenomenological Research 61 (3):721-723.
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  10. The ontological argument simplified.Gareth B. Matthews & Lynne Rudder Baker - 2010 - Analysis 70 (2):210-212.
    The ontological argument in Anselm’s Proslogion II continues to generate a remarkable store of sophisticated commentary and criticism. However, in our opinion, much of this literature ignores or misrepresents the elegant simplicity of the original argument. The dialogue below seeks to restore that simplicity, with one important modification. Like the original, it retains the form of a reductio, which we think is essential to the argument’s great genius. However, it seeks to skirt the difficult question of whether 'exists' is a (...)
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  11.  43
    Augustine.Gareth B. Matthews - 2011 - In H. Lagerlund (ed.), Encyclopedia of Medieval Philosophy. Springer. pp. 125--131.
    This lucid survey takes readers on a thought-provoking tour through the life and work of Augustine. Explores new insights into one of antiquity’s most important philosophers Topics Include: skepticism, language acquisition, mind-body dualism, philosophical dream problems, time and creation, faith and reason, foreknowledge and free will, and Augustine’s standing as a ‘Socratic philosopher’.
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  12.  3
    “It Is No Longer I That Do It …”.Gareth B. Matthews - 1984 - Faith and Philosophy 1 (1):44-49.
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  13.  9
    The Aporetic Augustine.Gareth Matthews - 2004 - Proceedings of the American Catholic Philosophical Association 78:23-39.
    Augustine was undeniably a dogmatic thinker, but he also had an “aporetic side” which makes him more relevant to Christian philosophers today than isgenerally recognized. Augustine’s first experience of reading philosophy came from Cicero’s Hortensius, from which Augustine gained an appreciation for philosophical scepticism which he never lost. Thus, in all of his works and in all periods of his life, Augustine’s characteristic way of doing philosophy is aporetic, rather than either systematic or speculative. Paradoxically, Augustine’s faith in the truth (...)
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  14. The One and the Many.Gareth B. Matthews & S. Marc Cohen - 1968 - Review of Metaphysics 21 (4):630-655.
    We discuss Aristotle's "Categories" as an answer to Plato's One-over-Many argument. For Plato, F-ness is something "over against" particular F things; to predicate "F" of these things is to assert that they all stand in a certain relation to F-ness. Aristotle answers that predication is classification; and there being a classification of a certain sort is a fact correlative with there being things classifiable in the way the classification in question would classify them.
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  15.  86
    Thought's ego in Augustine and Descartes.Gareth B. Matthews - 1992 - Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
    This book will be of great interest to philosophers of mind and epistemologists, historians of philosophy and their students, philosophers of religion, and ...
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  16. Critical notices.Gareth B. Matthews - 2000 - Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 60 (1):244.
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  17. Philosophieren mit Kindern.Gareth B. Matthews (ed.) - 1996 - Rostock: Universität Rostock.
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  18. Wants and lacks.Gareth B. Matthews & S. Marc Cohen - 1967 - Journal of Philosophy 64 (14):455-456.
    Anthony Kenny says it is impossible to want what one already has and knows one has. We present a counter-example and then suggest that Kenny may have been misled by the fact that wanting expresses itself in goal-directed behavior. From the truism that one's behavior cannot be directed toward a goal that one knows one has already attained, Kenny may have been led to suppose that behavior directed toward an as yet unattained goal cannot express one's desire for what one (...)
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  19. Books for review and for listing here should be addressed to Emily Zakin, Review Editor, Department of Philosophy, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056.Gareth B. Matthews New, Andrew R. Bailey, Sarah Buss, Steven M. Cahn, Howard Caygill, David J. Chalmers, John Christman, Michael Clark, David E. Cooper & Simon Critchley - 2002 - Teaching Philosophy 25 (4):403.
  20.  45
    The Epistemology and Metaphysics of Socrates.Gareth B. Matthews - 2008 - In Gail Fine (ed.), The Oxford Handbook of Plato. New York: Oxford University Press.
    Epistemology and metaphysics as described by Socrates is the crux of this article. Socrates here is all set to assess the wisdom of the candidates. He goes about arguing as to who is wiser and the various aspects of wisdom. He also elaborates on wisdom as a virtue. The article further harps on the idea of what counts as knowledge and also highlights the differences between Socratic Ignorance and Complete Ignorance.
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  21. Two theories of supposition?Gareth B. Matthews - 1997 - Topoi 16 (1):35-40.
    In a recent paper Paul Vincent Spade suggests that, although the medieval doctrine of the modes of personal supposition originally had something to do with the rest of the theory of supposition, it became, by the 14th century, an unrelated theory with no question to answer. By contrast, I argue that the theory of the modes of personal supposition was meant to provide a way of making understandable the idea that a general term in a categorical proposition can be used (...)
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  22.  39
    On conceivability in Anselm and Malcolm.Gareth B. Matthews - 1961 - Philosophical Review 70 (1):110-111.
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  23.  37
    The Augustinian Tradition.Gareth B. Matthews (ed.) - 1998 - University of California Press.
    Students and scholars will find that these essays provide impressive evidence of the persisting vitality of Augustine's thought.
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  24.  79
    Aristotle on the Organ of Touch.Gareth B. Matthews - 2011 - Ancient Philosophy 31 (2):327-337.
  25. The idea of a psychological organism.Gareth B. Matthews - 1985 - Behaviorism 13 (1):37-52.
    Each of the following might be considered both necessary and sufficient for an organism to count as a psychological organism: (a) being able to do something that requires a psychological theory to explain; (b) being capable of having experiences; (c) being motivated; (d) behaving in ways that are the joint outcome of the organism's beliefs and desires; (e) being capable of instrumental learning, or operant conditioning; (f) being susceptible to classical conditioning. This paper takes up each of these candidates in (...)
     
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  26.  24
    Theology and natural theology.Gareth B. Matthews - 1964 - Journal of Philosophy 61 (3):99-108.
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  27. Concept formation and moral development.Gareth Matthews - 1987 - In James Russell (ed.), Philosophical perspectives on developmental psychology. New York, NY: Blackwell.
     
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  28. Parents and Children: The Ethics of the Family by Jeffrey Blustein. [REVIEW]Gareth B. Matthews - 1985 - Journal of Philosophy 82 (6):330-332.
  29. Whatever became of the socratic elenchus? Philosophical analysis in Plato.Gareth Matthews - 2009 - Philosophy Compass 4 (3):439-450.
    Readers who are introduced to philosophical analysis by reading the early Platonic dialogues may be puzzled to find that Plato, in his middle and late periods, largely abandons the style of analysis characteristic of early Plato, namely, the 'Socratic elenchus'. This paper undertakes to solve the puzzle. In contrast to what is popularly called 'the Socratic method', the elenchus requires that Socrates, the lead investigator, not have a satisfactory answer to his 'What is F-ness?' question. Here is the bind. Part (...)
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  30. Anselm’s Argument Reconsidered.Gareth B. Matthews - 2010 - Review of Metaphysics 64 (1):31-54.
    Anselm’s argument for the existence of God in Proslogion 2 has a little-noticed feature: It can be properly formulated only by beings who have the ability to think of things and refer to things independently of whether or not they exist in reality. The authors explore this cognitive ability and try to make clear the role it plays in the ontological argument. Then, we offer a new version of the ontological argument, which, we argue, is sound: it is valid, has (...)
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  31.  15
    Augustine and Ibn Sina on Souls in the Afterlife.Gareth Matthews - 2014 - Philosophy 89 (3):463-476.
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  32.  50
    Perplexity in Plato, aristotole, and Tarski.Gareth B. Matthews - 1997 - Philosophical Studies 85 (2-3):213-228.
  33. Internalist Reasoning in Augustine for Mind-Body Dualism.Gareth Matthews - 2000 - In John P. Wright & Paul Potter (eds.), Psyche and Soma: Physicians and Metaphysicians on the Mind-Body Problem From Antiquity to Enlightenment. New York: Clarendon Press.
  34. Moore on `see': Modes of polysemy.Gareth B. Matthews - 1974 - Journal of Philosophy 71 (19):711-721.
  35. Conceiving childhood: "Child animism".Gareth B. Matthews - 1982 - Noûs 16 (1):29-37.
  36.  65
    On the idea of there being something of everything in everything.Gareth Matthews - 2002 - Analysis 62 (1):1–4.
  37.  44
    The idea of conceptual development in Piaget.Gareth B. Matthews - 1985 - Synthese 65 (1):87 - 97.
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  38.  20
    Colloquium 6.Gareth B. Matthews - 1993 - Proceedings of the Boston Area Colloquium of Ancient Philosophy 9 (1):246-260.
  39.  16
    Descartes and Augustine.Gareth B. Matthews - 2000 - Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 61 (3):721-723.
    In 1641 Descartes published, in the very first edition of his Meditations, six sets of objections to that work written by prominent contemporaries, plus his own replies to the objections. In the fourth set of those objections the Augustinian and Jansenist, Antoine Arnauld, wrote, “The first thing that I find remarkable is that our distinguished author has laid down as the basis for his entire philosophy exactly the same principle as that laid down by St. Augustine.” With these words Arnauld (...)
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  40.  9
    Post-medieval Augustinianism.Gareth B. Matthews - 2001 - In Eleonore Stump & Norman Kretzmann (eds.), The Cambridge Companion to Augustine. New York: Cambridge University Press. pp. 267--79.
  41.  57
    Augustine on Reasoning from One’s Own Case.Gareth B. Matthews - 1998 - Journal of Nietzsche Studies 7 (2):115-128.
    Forty years ago Norman Malcolm presented a now-famous paper at the Eastern Division meetings of the American Philosophical Association in Burlington, Vermont. MalcolmKnowledge of Other Minds.” The paper focused on the Argument from Analogy for Other Minds, which, of course, Malcolm roundly criticized. After making a number of preliminary points, Malcolm stated.
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  42.  51
    Aristotle's Theory of Substance: The Categories and Metaphysics Zeta (review).Gareth B. Matthews - 2001 - Journal of the History of Philosophy 39 (3):437-438.
    In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:Journal of the History of Philosophy 39.3 (2001) 437-438 [Access article in PDF] Michael V. Wedin. Aristotle's Theory of Substance: The Categories and Metaphysics Zeta. Oxford Aristotle Studies. New York: Oxford University Press, 2000. Pp. xiii + 482. Cloth, $55.00. Michael Wedin has written the equivalent for Aristotle of what biblical scholars would call a "harmony of the gospels." It is a wonderfully rich and argumentatively dense reconstruction of (...)
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  43.  13
    The Meaning and End of Religion: A New Approach to the Religious Traditions of Mankind by Wilfred Cantwell Smith. [REVIEW]Gareth B. Matthews - 1964 - Philosophy East and West 14 (1):80-81.
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  44.  10
    The Socratic Augustine.Gareth B. Matthews - 1998 - Metaphilosophy 29 (3):196-208.
    Augustine is both one of the great dogmatic thinkers in our Western tradition and also one of the most Socratic. How can that be? I suggest that Augustine is given to puzzling over questions of the form “How is it possible that p?”– for example, “How is it possible to measure time when no length of time is ever present to be measured?” Moreover, he asks questions of this form even when he is in no doubt that p is the (...)
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  45.  32
    Higher education outreach: Examining key challenges for academics.Matthew Johnson, Emily Danvers, Tamsin Hinton-Smith, Kate Atkinson, Gareth Bowden, John Foster, Kristina Garner, Paul Garrud, Sarah Greaves, Patricia Harris, Momna Hejmadi, David Hill, Gwen Hughes, Louise Jackson, Angela O’Sullivan, Séamus ÓTuama, Pilar Perez Brown, Pete Philipson, Simon Ravenscroft, Mirain Rhys, Tom Ritchie, Jon Talbot, David Walker, Jon Watson, Myfanwy Williams & Sharon Williams - 2019 - British Journal of Educational Studies 67 (4):469-491.
  46.  85
    Philosophy and the young child.Gareth B. Matthews - 1980 - Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
    In a series of exquisite examples that could only have been gathered by a professional philosopher with an extraordinary respect for young minds, Gareth...
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  47.  23
    Paradoxical Statements.Gareth Matthews - 1974 - American Philosophical Quarterly 11 (2):133 - 139.
  48. The Philosophy of Childhood.Gareth B. Matthews - 1997 - Philosophical Quarterly 47 (186):125-127.
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  49.  41
    Dialogues with children.Gareth B. Matthews - 1984 - Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
    Dialogues generated over a year of weekly meetings with 8 children at a school in Edinburgh. The author and the children attempted to craft stories reflecting philosophical problems.
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  50.  87
    Depression and decision-making capacity for treatment or research: a systematic review.Thomas Hindmarch, Matthew Hotopf & Gareth S. Owen - 2013 - BMC Medical Ethics 14 (1):54.
    Psychiatric disorders can pose problems in the assessment of decision-making capacity (DMC). This is so particularly where psychopathology is seen as the extreme end of a dimension that includes normality. Depression is an example of such a psychiatric disorder. Four abilities (understanding, appreciating, reasoning and ability to express a choice) are commonly assessed when determining DMC in psychiatry and uncertainty exists about the extent to which depression impacts capacity to make treatment or research participation decisions.
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