Results for 'Raj K. Baral'

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  1.  30
    Academic Dishonesty Within Higher Education in Nepal: An Examination of Students’ Exam Cheating.Som Nath Ghimire, Upaj Bhattarai & Raj K. Baral - 2024 - Journal of Academic Ethics 22 (2):303-322.
    The problem of academic dishonesty in general and exam cheating in particular, has been ubiquitous in schools, colleges, and universities around the world. This paper reports on the findings from teachers’ and students’ experiences and perceptions of exam cheating at Nepali schools, colleges, and universities. In so doing, the paper highlights the challenges of maintaining academic integrity in Nepali education systems. Based on qualitative research design, the study data were collected by employing semi-structured interviews with the teachers and the students. (...)
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  2.  7
    Social philosophy of Swami Dayanand Saraswati.Raj K. Mahajan (ed.) - 2020 - New Delhi: Indu Book Services Pvt..
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  3.  21
    Desmond's non-NICE choice: dilemmas from drug-eluting stents in the affordability gap.Raj K. Mohindra & Jim A. Hall - 2006 - Clinical Ethics 1 (2):105-108.
    For medical interventions there is a gap between what clinical scientific research has established as likely to carry clinical benefit and what the National Institute for Clinical Excellence (NICE) has judged as cost-effective. This gap is the affordability gap. It is created by a value judgement made by NICE and affirmed by the Secretary of State for Health. This value judgement operates to affect other value judgements made in actual clinical situations where at least one choice of treatment falls into (...)
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  4.  17
    Effect of twinning on recrystallisation textures in deformed magnesium alloy AZ31.Étienne Martin, Raj K. Mishra & John J. Jonas - 2011 - Philosophical Magazine 91 (27):3613-3626.
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  5.  16
    Ethical values in health care: an Indian-Swedish co-operation.Elisabeth Hamrin, Naina S. Potdar & Raj K. Anand - 2002 - Nursing Ethics 9 (4):439-444.
    The aim of this report is to present an example of a multidisciplinary Indian-Swedish co-operation on ethics in health care. It is based on a conference held in Asia Plateau, Panchgani, Maharasthra, India in 1998. The emphasis is on ethical values that are important for consumers of health care and professionals, and also for different cultures in developed and developing countries. The importance of human dignity is stressed. Sixteen recommendations are given in an appendix.
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  6.  72
    The Delta School of Nursing: bioethical nursing education for the Dalit ('untouchables') of Tamil-Nadu, India.Elisabeth Hamrin, Naina S. Potdar, Raj K. Anand, Eszter Kismödi, Raya Gal, Eilon Shany, Mrinalinee Pendse, Michael L. Alkan, Ronald Orie Browne & Michael Karplus - 2002 - Nursing Ethics 9 (4):445-447.
  7.  81
    An Emotion-Based Model of Salesperson Ethical Behaviors.Raj Agnihotri, Adam Rapp, Prabakar Kothandaraman & Rakesh K. Singh - 2012 - Journal of Business Ethics 109 (2):243-257.
    Academic research studies examining the ethical attitudes and behaviors of salespeople have produced several frameworks that explore the ethical decision-making processes to which salespeople adhere when faced with ethical dilemmas. Past literature enriches our understanding; however, a critical review of the relevant literature suggests that an emotional route to salesperson ethical decision-making has yet to be explored. Given the fact that individuals’ emotional capacities play an important role in decision-making when faced with an ethical dilemma, there is a need for (...)
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  8. Translation: Shri Arvind Ka Shiksha Darshan.K. K. Sharma, Saroj Sobti, Ramesh Kumar Parwa, Suresh Kumar & Desh Raj Sirswal - 2010 - Ambala Cantt.: Centre for Sri Aurobindo Studies.
  9.  23
    Investigation of microstructural changes in M250 grade maraging steel using positron annihilation.K. V. Rajkumar, R. Rajaraman, Anish Kumar, G. Amarendra, T. Jayakumar, C. S. Sundar, Baldav Raj & K. K. Ray - 2009 - Philosophical Magazine 89 (20):1597-1610.
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  10.  4
    Odor identification errors reveal cognitive aspects of age-associated smell loss.Rohan Raj, Thomas Hörberg, Robert Lindroos, Maria Larsson, Pawel Herman, Erika J. Laukka & Jonas K. Olofsson - 2023 - Cognition 236 (C):105445.
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  11.  30
    Evolution and characterization of dynamically recrystallized microstructure in a titanium-modified austenitic stainless steel using ultrasonic and EBSD techniques.Sumantra Mandal, S. K. Mishra, Anish Kumar, I. Samajdar, P. V. Sivaprasad, T. Jayakumar & Baldev Raj - 2008 - Philosophical Magazine 88 (6):883-897.
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  12.  16
    The Hopkins-Oxford Psychedelics Ethics (HOPE) Working Group Consensus Statement.Edward Jacobs, Brian D. Earp, Paul S. Appelbaum, Lori Bruce, Ksenia Cassidy, Yuria Celidwen, Katherine Cheung, Sean K. Clancy, Neşe Devenot, Jules Evans, Holly Fernandez Lynch, Phoebe Friesen, Albert Garcia Romeu, Neil Gehani, Molly Maloof, Olivia Marcus, Ole Martin Moen, Mayli Mertens, Sandeep M. Nayak, Tehseen Noorani, Kyle Patch, Sebastian Porsdam-Mann, Gokul Raj, Khaleel Rajwani, Keisha Ray, William Smith, Daniel Villiger, Neil Levy, Roger Crisp, Julian Savulescu, Ilina Singh & David B. Yaden - forthcoming - American Journal of Bioethics:1-7.
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  13. Ethical Ideas in Descartes’ Philosophy.Desh Raj Sirswal - 2008 - K.U. Research Journal of Arts and Humanities:89-97.
    Descartes is not well known for his contributions to ethics. Some have charged that it is a weakness of his philosophy that it focuses exclusively on metaphysics and epistemology to the exclusion of moral and political philosophy. Such criticisms rest on a misunderstanding of the broader framework of Descartes’ philosophy. Evidence of Descartes’ concern for the practical import of philosophy can be traced to his earliest writings. In agreement of wisdom that is sufficient for happiness. The Third part of his (...)
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  14.  26
    Book Reviews : Raj K. Nigam, ed., Public Accountability in Indian Polity. Delhi: D.C. Publications, 1998, 405 pp. Rs. 600. [REVIEW]C. Panduranga Bhatta - 2001 - Journal of Human Values 7 (1):89-92.
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  15.  6
    Book Review: S. Schaffer, L. Roberts, K. Raj, & J. Delbourgo The Brokered World: Go-Betweens and Global Intelligence, 1770-1820 Sagamore Beach, MA: Science History Publications/usa, 2009. 522 pp. $69.96. ISBN 978-0-88135-374-7. [REVIEW]Morgan Meyer - 2011 - Science, Technology, and Human Values 36 (2):269-273.
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  16.  16
    Sensation Intelligibility in Sensibility.Raj Thiruvengadam - 1996
  17.  25
    ‘Value, values and valued’: a tripod for organisational ethics.Raj Mohindra - 2022 - Journal of Medical Ethics 48 (3):154-159.
    Public benefit corporations are National Health Service, that is, state, entities whose function to provide healthcare in discharge of public duties. If we regardvalue as the output of such organisations, it seems logical to connect the values of the organisation to thevalue produced by such organisations. But, on closer examination there are competing underlying logics in play: (1) those based on promoting organisational efficiency and efficacy; and (2) those based on the idea of building service provision around the clinician–patient relationship. (...)
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  18. Subjektivität als Abgrund. Bemerkungen über Nietzsches Beziehung zu den frükromantischen Kunsttheorien.Ingrid Hennemann Barale - 1989 - Nietzsche Studien 18:158-181.
     
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  19.  1
    Subjektivität AlS abgrund bemerkungen über nietzsches beziehung zu den frühromantischen kunsttheorien.Ingrid Hennemann Barale - 1989 - Nietzsche Studien 18:158-181.
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  20.  9
    Formalizing sensing actions— A transition function based approach.Tran Cao Son & Chitta Baral - 2001 - Artificial Intelligence 125 (1-2):19-91.
  21.  21
    The Problematic and Conceptual Structure of Classical Indian Thought about Man, Society and Polity.Raj Thiruvengadam & Daya Krishna - 1999 - Philosophy East and West 49 (2):220.
  22. Antik Yunan’da Mitos-Logos İlişkisi: Thales’in Arkhe Sorununa Bakışının Mitos Açısından Değerlendirilmesi.Musa Yanık - 2020 - Ibad Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 3 (7):863-281.
    Mitos ve Logos kavramları Antik Yunan uygarlığında söz kavramına karşılık gelen sözcükleri karşılamak için kullanılmıştır. Felsefe tarihinin başlangıcı için yapılan tanımlamalarda ise mitos kavramının yerine logos kavramının tercih edilmesi iki kavram arasında bir farklılığı ortaya koymak için yapılmaktadır. Bu ayrımın nedeni ise mitos’un daha çok dinsel içerikle anılması logos’un ise içerisinde bir tür akılsallık barındırması şeklindeki yorumlarda kendini göstermektedir. Ancak söz konusu ayrımın ilk doğa filozofu/ilk felsefeci olarak nitelendirilen Thales için geçerli olup olmadığı geçmişte olduğu gibi günümüzde de halen tartışılmaktadır. (...)
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  23.  40
    Doğal Teoloji ve Doğal Din (Stanford Felsefe Ansiklopedisi).Musa Yanık, Andrew Chignell & Derk Pereboom - 2024 - Öncül Analitik Felsefe Dergisi. Translated by Musa Yanık.
    “Doğal din” terimi, bazen doğanın kendisinin ilahi olduğu bir panteistik doktrine atıfta bulunur. “Doğal teoloji” terimi ise aksine, başlangıçta gözlemlenen doğal gerçekler temelinde (ve bazen) Tanrı’nın varlığını savunmaya yönelik projeye atıfta bulunur. Bununla birlikte çağdaş felsefede, hem “doğal din” hem de “doğal teoloji” genel olarak, dinî veya teolojik konuları araştırmak için insana, “doğal” olan bilişsel yetilerini – akıl, algı, içgözlem- kullanma projesini ifade eder. Doğal din veya teoloji, mevcut anlayış üzerine, doğayla ilgili ampirik araştırmalarla sınırlı olmamakla birlikte ayrıca panteistik bir (...)
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  24.  11
    Secrets of reality: bridging the gap between ancient wisdom and contemporary science.Raj Kapoor - 2006 - Pittsburgh, Pa.: CFW Books.
    Integrates the seemingly diverse studies of Newtonian physics, quantum mechanics, astrophysics, and molecular biology to explain the timeless philosophies of the ages." Includes biographical profiles of several scientists or philosophers who contributed to human understanding of these realities.
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  25.  24
    Ecstatic Historical Time and the Eclipse of Christianity in Heidegger’s “Hegel and the Greeks”.Raj Sampath - 2008 - Proceedings of the Xxii World Congress of Philosophy 45:305-311.
    In the 1958 lecture, “Hegel and the Greeks,” how does Heidegger intimate a complex sense of historical temporalization when he suggests that the ‘whole of philosophy in its history’ is contained in the title: “Hegel and the Greeks?” Our hypothesis may appear contrarian to contemporary assumptions: a complex notion of origin as paradoxically ‘futural’— particularly in its metaphysical breadth in say the Phenomenology of Spirit and the Science of Logic—is also at work in Heidegger’s thought. This is particularly acute when (...)
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  26. Neo-Scholastic Refelection on Kant.L. A. Savari Raj - 1998 - Indian Philosophical Quarterly 25:267-274.
     
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  27.  14
    A Conceptual Framework for Exploring the Impacts of Corporate Social Responsibility on Employee Attitudes and Behaviour.Manimegalai Santhosh & Rupashree Baral - 2015 - Journal of Human Values 21 (2):127-136.
    This article develops a conceptual framework that explains how organizations can influence employees’ attitudes and behaviour through their corporate social responsibility activities. There are plenty of studies to suggest the financial benefits of CSR. However, studies are scarce to link CSR with non-financial measures of organizational effectiveness, such as, affective commitment, job engagement and organizational citizenship behaviour. Moreover, studies are rare to delineate the process through which CSR can bring positive attitudes. Thus, this article focuses on organizational prosocial identity as (...)
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  28.  7
    Patronymic Patterns in the Mārkaṇḍeya Purāṇa: The Significance of Manu-Making for the Greatness of the Goddess.Raj Balkaran - 2022 - International Journal of Hindu Studies 27 (3):331-346.
    This article maps the Manvantara section of the Mārkaṇḍeya Purāṇa to reveal a patronymic pattern at play which is key to understanding the interplay between the mythologies of Goddess and Sun found in the Mārkaṇḍeya. It explains why the Devī Māhātmya occurs, especially in the Manvantara, which has puzzled scholars since colonial times. The article argues that the compositional strategy was implemented to present the Goddess as an analog to Viṣṇu, Manu, Sun, and the Indian king, all paragons of preservation.
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  29. Pakikiramdam : A critical analysis.Raj Mansukhani - 2005 - In Rolando M. Gripaldo (ed.), Filipino Cultural Traits: Claro R. Ceniza Lectures. Council for Research in Values and Philosophy. pp. 185--202.
  30.  12
    Synchronic Strategy: Rules of Engagement for Sanskrit Narrative Literature.Raj Balkaran - 2021 - Journal of Dharma Studies 4 (2):199-221.
    To note that the study of Sanskrit narrative literature, in particular the Epics and Purāṇas, has been plagued with the propensity towards diachronic dissection would be little more than a truism in most scholarly circles. Yet it is with this truism we are forced to begin as we strive to shed the old skin of colonial era receptions of these texts. While there have been notable efforts made to embrace Sanskrit narrative as synchronic wholes, there isn’t much in the way (...)
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  31. Wisdom in a Postmodern Age.Raj Mansukhani - 2002 - Philosophia: International Journal of Philosophy (Philippine e-journal) 31 (2).
    Using a popular Sufi tale as a starting point, the author shows that in a postmodern age, wisdom can best be characterized as a willingness to see how parts and wholes relate to each other and how new meanings emerge from a dialogical interplay between the two. Wisdom can also be characterized by openness, by the ability to perceive connections among various viewpoints, and by a strong tolerance for ambiguity.
     
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  32. Modal Ontolojik Argümanlar.Musa Yanık - 2024 - Oncul Analitik Felsefe Dergisi 1.
    Modal ontolojik argüman, Tanrı’nın varlığını sadece bilfiil gerçek olan bu dünyada değil, bütün mümkün dünyalarda göstermeye yönelik bir argümandır. Anselm’in (1033-1109) Proslogion adlı eserinin 3. bölümünde “kendisinden daha büyüğü düşünülemeyen” şeklinde tanımlanan; Tanrı’nın var olmamasının da düşünülemeyeceğini, bu yüzden de varolmamasının imkansızlığı üzerinde kurulu yeni bir argüman bulunduğunu öne süren bazı araştırmacılar, bu argümanı mümkün dünyalar semantiği yardımıyla formüle edip, “modal ontolojik argüman” şeklinde adlandırmışlardır. Çok farklı şekillerde formüle edilmiş bu argüman kabaca Tanrı’nın mümkünse zorunlu olması, dolayısıyla bilfiil gerçek olan (...)
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  33.  9
    The sacred scripture: symbol of spiritual synthesis: a comparative, chronological, and philosophical approach to the Guru Grantha.Raj Kumar Arora - 1988 - New Delhi: Harman Pub. House.
    Relates To Important Mystical Concepts Contained In Guru Granth. Seeks To Revive The Original Spiritual Doctrines Of The Great Masters And Impact Contemporary Meaning Of Their. 13 Chapters-Bibliography, Index. Without Dustjacket.
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  34.  8
    Re-Creating Paul Bowles, the Other, and the Imagination: Music, Film, and Photography.Raj Chandarlapaty - 2014 - Lexington Books.
    This work underscores the true brilliance and timelessness of colonial metaphors of authorship that extend into the postmodern Age. The emphasis is upon both re-invention and comprehensive scholarship on music and film.
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  35.  34
    History of Epistemic Communities and Collaborative Research.K. Brad Wray - 2001 - In James Wright (ed.), International Encyclopedia of the Social and Behavioral Sciences (Second Edition). Elsevier. pp. 867-872.
    Studies of epistemic communities and collaborative research in the social sciences have deepened the understanding of how science works, and more specifically how the social dimensions of scientific practice both enable and impede social scientists in realizing their epistemic goals. Two types of studies of epistemic communities are distinguished: general theories of epistemic communities aim to construct accounts of theoretical change applicable to all social scientific specialties, whereas historical studies emphasize the contingencies that affect specific social scientific disciplines, subfields, or (...)
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  36. Bradleyan idealism and philosophical materialism.K. M. Ziebart - 2019 - In Philip MacEwen (ed.), Idealist Alternatives to Materialist Philosophies of Science. Leiden: BRILL.
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  37. REFORMCU EPİSTEMOLOJİ: TEMEL UNSURLAR, İTİRAZLAR VE YENİ BAKIŞ AÇILARI.Musa Yanık - 2023 - Felsefe Dünyasi 1 (78):219-260.
    Çağdaş epistemoloji içerisinde, dışsalcı, güvenilirci ve erdeme dayalı epistemolojik tartışmaların bir benzerini, dini epistemoloji içerisinde etkili bir şekilde yer edinen ve reformcu epistemoloji olarak bilinen yaklaşım üzerinden görebilmek mümkündür. Alvin Plantinga, Nicholas Wolterstorff ve William Alston gibi filozofların öne çıktığı bu yaklaşımın ana iddiası, kanıta ya da argümana dayanmaksızın, Tanrı’nın varlığına inanmanın bütünüyle doğru, rasyonel, makul ve güvenilir olacağı şeklindeki bir tezdir. Kanıtın, gerekçelendirme için zorunlu bir koşul olmadığı fikri, algısal deneyimlerin gerekçelendirilmesine benzer şekilde, dini deneyimlerin de öyle olduğu ve (...)
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  38.  23
    Race and Ethnicity: Responsible Use from Epidemiological and Public Health Perspectives.Raj Bhopal - 2006 - Journal of Law, Medicine and Ethics 34 (3):500-507.
    Race and ethnicity are closely related, contentious concepts that have been abused and misinterpreted through history, but have a vast potential for good, at least in the health sciences. This article is not intending to elaborate on the conceptual foundations of race and ethnicity; I have addressed that elsewhere and summarized my stance in the glossary reprinted below in the Appendix. The terminology used here follows the glossary. Assuming that the conceptual foundations of my stance are reasonable, the questions addressed (...)
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  39.  21
    The Constitutionality of Medicare Drug-Price Negotiation under the Takings Clause.Raj Bhargava, Nathan Brown, Amy Kapczynski, Aaron S. Kesselheim, Stephanie Y. Lim & Christopher J. Morten - 2023 - Journal of Law, Medicine and Ethics 51 (4):961-971.
    In recent months, pharmaceutical manufacturers have brought legal challenges to a provision of the 2022 Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) empowering the federal government to negotiate the prices Medicare pays for certain prescription medications. One key argument made in these filings is that price negotiation is a “taking” of property and violates the Takings Clause of the US Constitution. Through original case law and health policy analysis, we show that government price negotiation and even price regulation of goods and services, including (...)
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  40.  34
    Culture, Gender, and GMAT Scores: Implications for Corporate Ethics.Raj Aggarwal, Joanne E. Goodell & John W. Goodell - 2014 - Journal of Business Ethics 123 (1):125-143.
    Business leadership increasingly requires a master’s degree in business and graduate management admission test scores continue to be an important component of applications for admission to such programs. Given the ubiquitous use of GMAT scores as gatekeepers for business leadership, GMAT scores are likely to influence organizational ethical behavior through gender, cultural, and other biases in the GMAT. There is little prior literature in this area and we contribute by empirically documenting that GMAT scores are negatively related to the cultural (...)
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  41.  32
    An Assessment of Student Moral Development at the National Defense University: Implications for Ethics Education and Moral Development for Senior Government and Military Leaders.Raj Agrawal, Kenneth Williams & B. J. Miller - 2021 - Journal of Military Ethics 19 (4):312-330.
    Senior service colleges provide professional education to prepare military and government civilians for public service at the senior levels of strategy and policy. Inclusive in the program of study...
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  42. COMMENTARY-The Hungry of the Earth.Raj Patel - 2008 - Radical Philosophy 151:2.
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  43.  5
    Micro-Finance Development In the Service of the Kingdom: Uses and failings.Raj Patel - 2001 - Transformation: An International Journal of Holistic Mission Studies 18 (3):142-145.
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  44.  28
    Hypothesizing about signaling networks.Nam Tran & Chitta Baral - 2009 - Journal of Applied Logic 7 (3):253-274.
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  45. Asymmetric mislocalisation of a visual flash ahead of and behind a moving object.K. Watanabe - 2004 - In Robert Schwartz (ed.), Perception. Malden Ma: Blackwell. pp. 162-162.
     
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  46.  8
    Pivotal strategies for the educational leader: the importance of Sun Tzu's The art of war.Ovid K. Wong - 2008 - Lanham, Md.: Rowman & Littlefield Education.
    The Art of War application to education is about solving problems to improve student and school success. The Art of War describes the significance of a leader and his knowledge and prudent application of the strategies. At the core of theses strategies is the non-negotiable moral purpose of the leader to be reinforced by other fine qualities as wisdom, commitment, discipline, and courage.
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  47. Kuhn and the History of Science.K. Brad Wray - 2019 - In M. Fricker, N. J. L. L. Pedersen, D. Henderson & P. J. Graham (eds.), The Routledge Handbook of Social Epistemology. Routledge. pp. 40-48.
    The article examines Thomas Kuhn's work in the history of science with special attention to its relevance to subsequent developments in social epistemology. The article begins with a discussion of Kuhn's historical work, and the so-called historical turn in philosophy of science. It then examines Kuhn's views on textbook science, followed by an analysis of Kuhn's views on the relationship between the history of science and the philosophy of science. Then it discusses Kuhn's contributions to our understanding of the social (...)
     
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  48. Tanrı, Özgürlük ve Kötülük.Alvin Plantinga & Musa Yanık - 2022 - Ankara, Türkiye: Fol Yayınları. Translated by Musa Yanık.
    Ateistler, kötülük probleminin Tanrı’nın varlığı aleyhine en güçlü argüman olduğu konusunda hâlâ ısrarcılar. Felsefe tarihine baktığımızda da Epikuros’tan Hume’a ve yakın dönemde Mackie’ye kadar uzanan bir yelpazede çeşitli düşünürler tarafından bu konuda birçok eleştirinin dile getirildiğini görmek mümkün. Plantinga bu çalışmasında felsefe tarihinin en köklü sorunlarından biri olan ‘Tanrı’nın varlığı sorusu’nu cevaplamaya çalışmakla kalmayıp felsefi bir yöntem ve soruşturmanın nasıl olması gerektiği konusunda muhteşem bir örnek de sunmaktadır. Plantinga, bu kitabıyla bizi, felsefe tarihinin en temel ilkelerinden birini hatırlamaya çağırıyor: var (...)
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  49. Epistemik Güvenilircilik ve Alvin Plantinga’da Tanrı İnancının Güvenilirliği Sorunu.Musa Yanık - 2020 - Din Ve Felsefe Araştırmaları Dergisi 3 (6):181-208.
    Güvenilirci (reliabilist) bilgi teorisi, çağdaş epistemik gerekçelendirme kuramları içerisinde, dışsalcı (externalist) kuramın bir türü olarak kendisine yer bulmaktadır. Kısaca, bir inancı gerekçelendiren şeyin o inancın oluşturulduğu sürecin güvenilirliği olduğunu öne süren bu yaklaşım, bu bilişsel süreçleri özne dışı unsurlara bağladığı içinde dışsalcı bir pozisyonda yer almaktadır. Bu bilgi teorisinin tam karşı konumunda yer alan içselci (internalist) bilgi teorisi ise, özne merkezli bir yaklaşımla, doğru inancı gerekçelendirecek yöntemin, kişinin kendi zihinsel yapısından yola çıkarak, belli kognitif süreçler sonucunda ulaşılabileceğini öne sürmektedir. Epistemik (...)
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  50. İslam İnancını Erdem Epistemolojisi Üzerinden Anlamak.Musa Yanık - 2022 - Dem Yayınları 1:95-113.
    Epistemolojik olarak bilgiye başvuran ve bilme faaliyetinde bulunan insanın, Kur’an’da önemli bir yeri vardır. Buradaki bilme faaliyetini, salt teolojik bir buyruk olarak, yani Allah’ı bilmek olarak değil, doğru bilgi ile yanlış bilgi arasında hem teorik hem de ahlaki bir farklılık olarak anlamak ve Kur’an'da insana epistemik özellikler atfedildiğini ve böylece insanın epistemik başarılarından dolayı övüldüğünü söyleyebilmek mümkündür. Bu açıdan bakıldığında herhangi bir önermeye yönelik olarak rasyonel bir tutum benimseyen, yani bilen özne ile bu faaliyette isteyerek ve istemeyerek giren kişinin durumu (...)
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