Results for 'motivated information processing'

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  1. Motivated Reasoning in Political Information Processing: The Death Knell of Deliberative Democracy?Mason Richey - 2012 - Philosophy of the Social Sciences 42 (4):511-542.
    In this article, I discuss what motivated reasoning research tells us about the prospects for deliberative democracy. In section I, I introduce the results of several political psychology studies examining the problematic affective and cognitive processing of political information by individuals in nondeliberative, experimental environments. This is useful because these studies are often neglected in political philosophy literature. Section II has three stages. First, I sketch how the study results from section I question the practical viability of (...)
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  2. The instructional information processing account of digital computation.Nir Fresco & Marty J. Wolf - 2014 - Synthese 191 (7):1469-1492.
    What is nontrivial digital computation? It is the processing of discrete data through discrete state transitions in accordance with finite instructional information. The motivation for our account is that many previous attempts to answer this question are inadequate, and also that this account accords with the common intuition that digital computation is a type of information processing. We use the notion of reachability in a graph to defend this characterization in memory-based systems and underscore the importance (...)
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  3.  27
    Personality, motivation, and performance: A theory of the relationship between individual differences and information processing.Michael S. Humphreys & William Revelle - 1984 - Psychological Review 91 (2):153-184.
  4. Motivation and phonemic priming effects on parafoveal information-processing.Ed Ferguson - 1990 - Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society 28 (6):487-487.
  5.  68
    Information and Veridicality: Information Processing and the Bar-Hillel/Carnap Paradox.Nir Fresco & Michaelis Michael - 2016 - Philosophy of Science 83 (1):131-151.
    Floridi’s Theory of Strongly Semantic Information posits the Veridicality Thesis. One motivation is that it can serve as a foundation for information-based epistemology being an alternative to the tripartite theory of knowledge. However, the Veridicality thesis is false, if ‘information’ is to play an explanatory role in human cognition. Another motivation is avoiding the so-called Bar-Hillel/Carnap paradox. But this paradox only seems paradoxical, if ‘information’ and ‘informativeness’ are synonymous, logic is a theory of inference, or validity (...)
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  6.  7
    Motivation to participate and experiences of the informed consent process for randomized clinical trials in emergency obstetric care in Uganda.Dan Kabonge Kaye - 2021 - BMC Medical Ethics 22 (1):1-12.
    BackgroundInformed consent, whose goal is to assure that participants enter research voluntarily after disclosure of potential risks and benefits, may be impossible or impractical in emergency research. In low resource settings, there is limited information on the experiences of the informed consent process for randomized clinical trials in the emergency care context. The objective of this study was to explore the experiences of the informed consent process and factors that motivated participation in two obstetrics and newborn care randomized (...)
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  7.  33
    Multifaceted functional specialization of somatosensory information processing.K. Sathian, Simon Lacey, Gregory Gibson & Randall Stilla - 2007 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 30 (2):219-220.
    We review evidence for multifaceted functional specialization of somatosensory information processing, both within and outside classical somatosensory cortex. We argue that the nature of such specialization has not yet been clarified adequately to regard the proposed action/perception dichotomy as being established. However, we believe this is a good working hypothesis that can motivate further work.
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  8.  39
    The Role of Positive and Negative Information Processing in COVID-19 Vaccine Uptake in Women of Generation X, Y, and Z: The Power of Good is Stronger Than Bad in Youngsters?Eszter Eniko Marschalko, Kinga Szabo, Ibolya Kotta & Kinga Kalcza-Janosi - 2022 - Frontiers in Psychology 13.
    BackgroundPositive and negative focus in information processing associated with age has a diverse role in COVID-19 vaccine uptake. The aim of the study was the exploration of the generational diversity among psychological predictors of COVID-19 vaccine uptake.MethodsA cross-sectional research was conducted. The sample included 978 Hungarian women. Based on former literature findings, the COVID-19 vaccine uptake predictors were chosen from the health beliefs model, COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy, and psychological flexibility. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to investigate the (...)
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  9.  21
    Inducing mind sets in self‐regulated learning with motivational information.R. Martens, C. de Brabander, J. Rozendaal, M. Boekaerts & R. van der Leeden - 2010 - Educational Studies 36 (3):311-327.
    The way students perceive a learning climate (e.g. controlling or stimulating) is significantly influenced by feedback and assessment. However, at present much is unclear about the relation between feedback and motivational state. More specifically, the interplay with student characteristics is unclear. Since there is a strong increase of group work, the central research question is what are the effects of positive, neutral or negative feedback presented to collaborating teams of students, on students? intrinsic motivation, performance and on group processes? One (...)
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  10. Motivation, affective content, laterality affect processing order and location information.Ed Ferguson - 1986 - Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society 24 (5):345-345.
     
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  11.  28
    Incongruency effects in affective processing: Automatic motivational counter-regulation or mismatch-induced salience?Klaus Rothermund, Anne Gast & Dirk Wentura - 2011 - Cognition and Emotion 25 (3):413-425.
    Attention is automatically allocated to stimuli that are opposite in valence to the current motivational focus (Rothermund, 2003; Rothermund, Voss, & Wentura, 2008). We tested whether this incongruency effect is due to affective–motivational counter-regulation or to an increased salience of stimuli that mismatch with cognitively activated information. Affective processing biases were assessed with a search task in which participants had to detect the spatial position at which a positive or negative stimulus was presented. In the motivational condition, positive (...)
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  12. Conscious and unconscious processes: The effects of motivation.Troy A. W. Visser & Philip M. Merikle - 1999 - Consciousness and Cognition 8 (1):94-113.
    The process-dissociation procedure has been used in a variety of experimental contexts to assess the contributions of conscious and unconscious processes to task performance. To evaluate whether motivation affects estimates of conscious and unconscious processes, participants were given incentives to follow inclusion and exclusion instructions in a perception task and a memory task. Relative to a control condition in which no performance incentives were given, the results for the perception task indicated that incentives increased the participants' ability to exclude previously (...)
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  13.  6
    Importance of the “thinking through other minds” process explored through motor correlates of motivated social interactions.Harold Mouras - 2020 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 43.
    We wanted to gather recent results supporting the idea of the central role of sharing agency in socioaffective and motivational information processing. Here, we want to support the idea that this process is quite arbitrary, early in the temporal chain of processes and not only influence the psychological, but also the motor correlates of socioaffective information processes.
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  14. The skeptical import of motivated reasoning: A closer look at the evidence.Maarten van Doorn - 2023 - Thinking and Reasoning 1 (1):1-31.
    Central to many discussions of motivated reasoning is the idea that it runs afoul of epistemic normativity. Reasoning differently about information supporting our prior beliefs versus information contradicting those beliefs, is frequently equated with motivated irrationality. By analyzing the normative status of belief polarization, selective scrutiny, biased assimilation and the myside bias, I show this inference is often not adequately supported. Contrary to what’s often assumed, these phenomena need not indicate motivated irrationality, even though they (...)
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  15.  16
    Adaptive Memory: Independent Effects of Survival Processing and Reward Motivation on Memory.Glen Forester, Meike Kroneisen, Edgar Erdfelder & Siri-Maria Kamp - 2020 - Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 14.
    Humans preferentially remember information processed for their survival relevance, a memorial benefit known as the survival processing effect. Memory is also biased towards information associated with the prospect of reward. Given the adaptiveness of these effects, they may depend on similar mechanisms. We tested whether motivation drives both effects, with reward incentives that are known to boost extrinsic motivation and survival processing perhaps stimulating intrinsic motivation. Accordingly, we manipulated survival processing and reward incentive independently during (...)
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  16.  29
    Reappraisal as a means to self-transcendence: Aquinas’s model of emotion regulation informs the extended process model.Anne Jeffrey, Catherine Marple & Sarah Schnitker - 2024 - Philosophical Psychology.
    Recent work in positive psychology demonstrates the importance of self-transcendence: understanding oneself to be part of something greater than the self, such as a family, community, or tradition of sacred practice. Self-transcendence is positively associated with wellbeing and a sense of meaning and purpose. Philosophers have argued that self-transcendent motivation has a central role in good character, or virtue. Positive psychologists are just now beginning to integrate the aim of developing such motivation in character interventions. In this paper we draw (...)
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  17. Do They Mind the Gap? The Role of Founders in Organizational Pay Dispersion.Myrto Chliova, Gabriella Cacciotti & Teemu Kautonen - 2024 - Business and Society 63 (2):415-451.
    This study adds to the emergent stream of work examining the micro-level antecedents of pay dispersion by focusing on how business founders’ personal characteristics influence pay dispersion in their organizations. We leverage stakeholder theory and the motivated information processing perspective to predict pathways between founders’ self- versus other-oriented motivations, their perceptions of employee and shareholder salience, and pay dispersion in their organizations. We test our hypotheses on data from a two-wave survey of founders. We find that a (...)
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  18.  35
    Avoidance Motivation and Conservation of Energy.Marieke Roskes, Andrew J. Elliot, Bernard A. Nijstad & Carsten K. W. De Dreu - 2013 - Emotion Review 5 (3):264-268.
    Compared to approach motivation, avoidance motivation evokes vigilance, attention to detail, systematic information processing, and the recruitment of cognitive resources. From a conservation of energy perspective it follows that people would be reluctant to engage in the kind of effortful cognitive processing evoked by avoidance motivation, unless the benefits of expending this energy outweigh the costs. We put forward three empirically testable propositions concerning approach and avoidance motivation, investment of energy, and the consequences of such investments. Specifically, (...)
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  19.  9
    Social identity-based motivation modulates attention bias toward negative information: an event-related brain potential study.Benoit Montalan, Alexis Boitout, Mathieu Veujoz, Arnaud Leleu, Raymonde Germain, Bernard Personnaz, Robert Lalonde & Mohamed Rebaï - 2011 - Socioaffective Neuroscience and Psychology 1:1-15.
    Research has demonstrated that people readily pay more attention to negative than to positive and/or neutral stimuli. However, evidence from recent studies indicated that such an attention bias to negative information is not obligatory but sensitive to various factors. Two experiments using intergroup evaluative tasks (Study 1: a gender-related groups evaluative task and Study 2: a minimal-related groups evaluative task) was conducted to determine whether motivation to strive for a positive social identity - a part of one's self-concept - (...)
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  20.  31
    Ethical Issues in Intraoperative Neuroscience Research: Assessing Subjects’ Recall of Informed Consent and Motivations for Participation.Anna Wexler, Rebekah J. Choi, Ashwin G. Ramayya, Nikhil Sharma, Brendan J. McShane, Love Y. Buch, Melanie P. Donley-Fletcher, Joshua I. Gold, Gordon H. Baltuch, Sara Goering & Eran Klein - 2022 - AJOB Empirical Bioethics 13 (1):57-66.
    BackgroundAn increasing number of studies utilize intracranial electrophysiology in human subjects to advance basic neuroscience knowledge. However, the use of neurosurgical patients as human research subjects raises important ethical considerations, particularly regarding informed consent and undue influence, as well as subjects’ motivations for participation. Yet a thorough empirical examination of these issues in a participant population has been lacking. The present study therefore aimed to empirically investigate ethical concerns regarding informed consent and voluntariness in Parkinson’s disease patients undergoing deep brain (...)
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  21.  14
    Technologies of the Electoral Process: A Field Study of the Possibility of Informative Communication.Alexander Yu Antonovsky - 2017 - Russian Studies in Philosophy 55 (1):37-48.
    The article focuses on the role of social technology in the Russian electoral process. On this basis, the author provides answers to more general issues concerning such questions as whether it is possible in the Russian context to combine social stability and informative political communication; whether a conflict-free processing of objective information can be achieved; whether political communication can extricate itself from self-referential isolation around the issue of social unity and address the real challenges facing society; and whether (...)
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  22. Motivated Cognition in Perception, Memory and Testimony: In Defense of a Responsibilist Version of Virtue Epistemology.Stephen R. Napier - 2004 - Dissertation, Saint Louis University
    There is debate among virtue epistemologists concerning what is the nature of an intellectual virtue. Linda Zagzebski in Virtues of the Mind , for instance, argues that an intellectual virtue has both a success and motivational component. Furthermore, Zagzebski defines knowledge with reference to acts of intellectual virtue. An agent S knows p iff S performs an act of intellectual virtue in forming the belief that p. This means that Zagzebski is committed to the counter-intuitive claim that low-grade knowledge requires (...)
     
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  23.  76
    What motivates women to take part in clinical and basic science endometriosis research?Sanjay K. Agarwal, Sylvia Estrada, Warren G. Foster, L. Lewis Wall, Doug Brown, Elaine S. Revis & Suzanne Rodriguez - 2007 - Bioethics 21 (5):263–269.
    ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: The objective of this study was to identify factors motivating women to take part in endometriosis research and to determine if these factors differ for women participating in clinical versus basic science studies. METHODS: A consecutive series of 24 women volunteering for participation in endometriosis‐related research were asked to indicate, in their own words, why they chose to volunteer. In addition, the women were asked to rate, on a scale of 0 to 10, sixteen potentially motivating factors. The (...)
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  24.  24
    Personalized Disclosure by Information-on-Demand: Attending to Patients' Needs in the Informed Consent Process.Gil Siegal, Richard J. Bonnie & Paul S. Appelbaum - 2012 - Journal of Law, Medicine and Ethics 40 (2):359-367.
    In an explicit attempt to reduce physician paternalism and encourage patient participation in making health care decisions, the informed consent doctrine has become a foundational precept in medical ethics and health law. The underlying ethical principle on which informed consent rests — autonomy — embodies the idea that as rational moral agents, patients should be in command of decisions that relate to their bodies and lives. The corollary obligation of physicians to respect and facilitate patient autonomy is reflected in the (...)
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  25.  39
    Decision-making and motivation to participate in biomedical research in southwest nigeria.Pauline E. Osamor & Nancy Kass - 2012 - Developing World Bioethics 12 (2):87-95.
    Motivations and decision-making styles that influence participation in biomedical research vary across study types, cultures, and countries. While there is a small amount of literature on informed consent in non-western cultures, few studies have examined how participants make the decision to join research. This study was designed to identify the factors motivating people to participate in biomedical research in a traditional Nigerian community, assess the degree to which participants involve others in the decision-making process, and examine issues of autonomy in (...)
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  26. Emotion, motivation and action: The case of fear.Christine Tappolet - 2009 - In Peter Goldie (ed.), The Oxford Handbook of Philosophy of Emotion. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 325-45.
    Consider a typical fear episode. You are strolling down a lonely mountain lane when suddenly a huge wolf leaps towards you. A number of different interconnected elements are involved in the fear you experience. First, there is the visual and auditory perception of the wild animal and its movements. In addition, it is likely that given what you see, you may implicitly and inarticulately appraise the situation as acutely threatening. Then, there are a number of physiological changes, involving a variety (...)
     
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  27.  49
    Information and quantum theory.Olival Freire Junior & Ileana Maria Greca - 2013 - Scientiae Studia 11 (1):11-33.
    A pesquisa em informação quântica sugere uma íntima conexão entre o conceito de informação e a teoria quântica, mas essa conexão envolve nuances cuja análise é o objeto deste trabalho. A sabedoria comum nesse campo divide-se em duas grandes áreas, não excludentes entre si. Há os que são movidos pela possibilidade de uso da teoria quântica em um novo campo, o da computação, independentemente do esclarecimento de seus fundamentos, aqui incluído o conceito de "informação". Alguns consideram que estamos diante de (...)
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  28.  19
    Dopamine: Go/no-go motivation versus switching.Robert D. Oades - 1999 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 22 (3):532-533.
    Sensitivity to incentive motivation has a formative influence on extraversion. Mesoamygdaloid dopamine (DA) activity may, at one level, act as a micro-gate permitting an incentive to influence behavioral organization – “Go/No-Go” in this scheme. Data on function elsewhere in the mesocorticolimbic DA system are taken to support this particular function. At another level of analysis, the data in Depue & Collins's review, along with those on the rest of the ventral tegmental area (VTA) system, may fit better with a “switching” (...)
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  29.  44
    Academic Achievement, Motivation and Future Selves.Angeliki Leondari, Efi Syngollitou & Grigoris Kiosseoglou - 1998 - Educational Studies 24 (2):153-163.
    Summary The study examined the relation between possible selves, academic performance, motivation, self?esteem and persistence on task. The assumption was that envisioning a desired end?state produces information processing favouring the desired state and, as a consequence, the action seems more likely and people are able to construct more efficient plans. We hypothesized that academic performance is best for subjects who are able to produce well?elaborated, vivid pictures of future selves. The sample consisted of 289 students, 14 and 15 (...)
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  30.  57
    Hyperbolic discounting lets empathy be a motivated process.George Ainslie & John Monterosso - 2001 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 25 (1):20-21.
    The Perception-Action Model (PAM) is a cogent theory of how organisms get information about others' experiences. However, such a stimulus-driven mechanism does not handle well the complex choices that humans face about how to respond to this information. Hyperbolic reward discounting permits a reward-driven mechanism for both how aversive empathic experiences can compete for attention and how pleasurable empathic experiences are constrained.
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  31.  4
    Decision‐Making and Motivation to Participate in Biomedical Research in Southwest Nigeria.Nancy Kass Pauline E. Osamor - 2012 - Developing World Bioethics 12 (2):87-95.
    Motivations and decision‐making styles that influence participation in biomedical research vary across study types, cultures, and countries. While there is a small amount of literature on informed consent in non‐western cultures, few studies have examined how participants make the decision to join research. This study was designed to identify the factors motivating people to participate in biomedical research in a traditional Nigerian community, assess the degree to which participants involve others in the decision‐making process, and examine issues of autonomy in (...)
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  32.  18
    Physicians’ communication patterns for motivating rectal cancer patients to biomarker research: Empirical insights and ethical issues.Sabine Wöhlke, Julia Perry & Silke Schicktanz - 2018 - Clinical Ethics 13 (4):175-188.
    In clinical research – whether pharmaceutical, genetic or biomarker research – it is important to protect research participants’ autonomy and to ensure or strengthen their control over health-related decisions. Empirical–ethical studies have argued that both the ethical concept and the current legalistic practice of informed consent should be adapted to the complexity of the clinical environment. For this, a better understanding of recruitment, for which also the physician–patient relationship plays an important role, is needed. Our aim is to ethically reflect (...)
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  33.  10
    Attention Does Not Affect the Speed of Subjective Time, but Whether Temporal Information Guides Performance: A Large‐Scale Study of Intrinsically Motivated Timers in a Real‐Time Strategy Game.Robbert Mijn & Hedderik Rijn - 2021 - Cognitive Science 45 (3):e12939.
    Many prepared actions have to be withheld for a certain amount of time in order to have the most beneficial outcome. Therefore, keeping track of time accurately is vital to using temporal regularities in our environment. Traditional theories assume that time is tracked by means of a clock and an “attentional gate” (AG) that modulates subjective time if not enough attentional resources are directed toward the temporal process. According to the AG theory, the moment of distraction does not have an (...)
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  34.  14
    Attention Does Not Affect the Speed of Subjective Time, but Whether Temporal Information Guides Performance: A Large‐Scale Study of Intrinsically Motivated Timers in a Real‐Time Strategy Game.Robbert van der Mijn & Hedderik van Rijn - 2021 - Cognitive Science 45 (3):e12939.
    Many prepared actions have to be withheld for a certain amount of time in order to have the most beneficial outcome. Therefore, keeping track of time accurately is vital to using temporal regularities in our environment. Traditional theories assume that time is tracked by means of a clock and an “attentional gate” (AG) that modulates subjective time if not enough attentional resources are directed toward the temporal process. According to the AG theory, the moment of distraction does not have an (...)
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  35.  71
    The Selfish Goal: Autonomously operating motivational structures as the proximate cause of human judgment and behavior.Julie Y. Huang & John A. Bargh - 2014 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 37 (2):121-135.
    We propose the Selfish Goal model, which holds that a person's behavior is driven by psychological processes called goals that guide his or her behavior, at times in contradictory directions. Goals can operate both consciously and unconsciously, and when activated they can trigger downstream effects on a person's information processing and behavioral possibilities that promote only the attainment of goal end-states (and not necessarily the overall interests of the individual). Hence, goals influence a person as if the goals (...)
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  36.  51
    Informed Consent Procedures: Responsibilities of Researchers in Developing Countries.Soledad Sánchez, Gloria Salazar, Marcia Tijero & Soledad Díaz - 2001 - Bioethics 15 (5-6):398-412.
    We describe the informed consent procedures in a research clinic in Santiago, Chile, and a qualitative study that evaluated these procedures. The recruitment process involves information, counseling and screening of volunteers, and three or four visits to the clinic. The study explored the decision‐making process of women participating in contraceptive trials through 36 interviews. Women understood the research as experimentation or progress. The decision to participate was facilitated by the information provided; time to consider it and to discuss (...)
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  37.  30
    Motivation: A Biosocial and Cognitive Integration of Motivation and Emotion.Eva Dreikurs Ferguson - 2000 - Oxford University Press USA.
    Motivation: A Biosocial and Cognitive Integration of Motivation and Emotion shows how motivation relates to biological, social, and cognitive issues. A wide range of topics concerning motivation and emotion are considered, including hunger and thirst, circadian and other biological rhythms, fear and anxiety, anger and aggression, achievement, attachment, and love. Goals and incentives are discussed in their application to work, child rearing, and personality. This book reviews an unusual breadth of research and provides the reader with the scientific basis for (...)
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  38.  48
    Efferent brain processes and the enactive approach to consciousness.Ralph D. Ellis - 2000 - Journal of Consciousness Studies 7 (4):40-50.
    [opening paragraph]: Nicholas Humphrey argues persuasively that consciousness results from active and efferent rather than passive and afferent functions. These arguments contribute to the mounting recent evidence that consciousness is inseparable from the motivated action planning of creatures that in some sense are organismic and agent-like rather than passively mechanical and reactive in the way that digital computers are. Newton calls this new approach the ‘action theory of understanding'; Varela et al. dubbed it the ‘enactive’ view of consciousness. It (...)
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  39.  36
    Motivated Skepticism or Inevitable Conviction? Dogmatism and the Study of Politics.Jeffrey Friedman - 2012 - Critical Review: A Journal of Politics and Society 24 (2):131-155.
    Taber and Lodge's 2006 paper provides powerful evidence that one's prior beliefs shape one's reception of new evidence in a manner that can best be described as “inadvertently dogmatic.” This is especially true for people who are well informed, which dovetails with findings going back to Converse (1964) showing political beliefs to be ideologically constrained (rigid) among the relatively well informed. What may explain the coincidence of dogmatism and knowledgeability is the very process of learning about politics, which must use (...)
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  40.  21
    Congruence Effects in Post-crisis CSR Communication: The Mediating Role of Attribution of Corporate Motives.Sojung Kim & Sejung Marina Choi - 2018 - Journal of Business Ethics 153 (2):447-463.
    Corporate social responsibility has grown on the corporate agenda and is at the heart of today’s corporate culture. While much research has examined CSR strategies and effects, the effects of post-crisis CSR communication have received relatively little academic attention. Therefore, this paper uses two experimental studies to examine several key contingency factors that influence consumers’ responses to post-crisis CSR initiatives. Results suggest that consumers demonstrate more favorable responses when a company launches a CSR initiative congruent with the crisis issue, or (...)
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  41.  43
    Appetitive and Defensive Motivation: Goal-Directed or Goal-Determined?Peter J. Lang & Margaret M. Bradley - 2013 - Emotion Review 5 (3):230-234.
    Our view is that fundamental appetitive and defensive motivation systems evolved to mediate a complex array of adaptive behaviors that support the organism’s drive to survive—defending against threat and securing resources. Activation of these motive systems engages processes that facilitate attention allocation, information intake, sympathetic arousal, and, depending on context, will prompt tactical actions that can be directed either toward or away from the strategic goal, whether defensively or appetitively determined. Research from our laboratory that measures autonomic, central, and (...)
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  42. Truth-Ratios, Evidential Fit, and Deferring to Informants with Low Error Probabilities.Michael Roche & William Roche - forthcoming - Acta Analytica.
    Suppose that an informant (test, expert, device, perceptual system, etc.) is unlikely to err when pronouncing on a particular subject matter. When this is so, it might be tempting to defer to that informant when forming beliefs about that subject matter. How is such an inferential process expected to fare in terms of truth (leading to true beliefs) and evidential fit (leading to beliefs that fit one’s total evidence)? Using a medical diagnostic test as an example, we set out a (...)
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  43.  63
    Motives of contributing personal data for health research: (non-)participation in a Dutch biobank.R. Broekstra, E. L. M. Maeckelberghe, J. L. Aris-Meijer, R. P. Stolk & S. Otten - 2020 - BMC Medical Ethics 21 (1):1-11.
    BackgroundLarge-scale, centralized data repositories are playing a critical and unprecedented role in fostering innovative health research, leading to new opportunities as well as dilemmas for the medical sciences. Uncovering the reasons as to why citizens do or do not contribute to such repositories, for example, to population-based biobanks, is therefore crucial. We investigated and compared the views of existing participants and non-participants on contributing to large-scale, centralized health research data repositories with those of ex-participants regarding the decision to end their (...)
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  44.  6
    Creativity is motivated by novelty. Curiosity is triggered by uncertainty.Aditya Singh & Kou Murayama - 2024 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 47:e115.
    Although creativity and curiosity can be similarly construed as knowledge-building processes, their underlying motivation is fundamentally different. Specifically, curiosity drives organisms to seek information that reduces uncertainty so that they can make a better prediction about the world. On the contrary, creative processes aim to connect distant pieces of information, maximizing novelty and utility.
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  45.  23
    The Contribution of the Amygdala to Aversive and Appetitive Pavlovian Processes.Justin M. Moscarello & Joseph E. LeDoux - 2013 - Emotion Review 5 (3):248-253.
    Pavlovian cues predict the occurrence of motivationally salient outcomes, thus serving as an important trigger of approach and avoidance behavior. The amygdala is a key substrate of Pavlovian conditioning, and the nature of its contribution varies by the motivational valence of unconditioned stimuli. The literature on aversive Pavlovian learning supports a serial-processing model of amygdalar function, while appetitive studies suggest that Pavlovian associations are processed through parallel circuits in the amygdala. It is proposed that serial and parallel forms of (...)
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  46.  10
    The Digital Entrepreneurship Era: How to Motivate Innovativeness in Middle Management Teams? The Vertical Organisational Pervasiveness of Chief Executive Officer Entrepreneurial Orientation.Xu Zhang, Yueyue Liu, Xiulin Geng & Danxia Wei - 2022 - Frontiers in Psychology 13.
    Social information processing theory suggests that the chief executive officer’s entrepreneurial orientation is an organisational signal that influences the members’ innovativeness. Middle management teams are expected to be more innovative as they connect senior managers with frontline managers in the dynamic competitive environment of the digital economy. How CEOs guide MMT innovations through EO becomes critical in the process of capturing opportunities and creating value. However, previous research has failed to adequately identify distinct CEO EO manifestations with organisational (...)
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    Motivation, Behavior, and Emotional Health: An Everyman's Interpretation.Donald MacKay Wonderly - 1991 - Upa.
    In this text, the authors propose an emotional health model based on a philosophical and psychological interpretation of human behavioral motivation which departs from traditional approaches in certain aspects while retaining other elements that seem meaningful. The model is predicated on the thesis that at least part of the reason for the current state of affairs is that educational and mental health institutions have been developed on the basis of misleading assumptions about the causes of behavior. Popular assumptions regarding human (...)
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  48.  12
    Motivation and academic performance in adolescents.María Cristina Cepeda-González, Blanca Margarita Villarreal-Soto, Rocio Isabel Ramos-Jaubert & Karen Fabiola Flores-Oyervides - forthcoming - Revista de Filosofía y Cotidianidad.
    Adolescence is the period of growth between childhood and adulthood. This period of development, which goes from 13 to 18 years, is usually presented as critical, due to the profound modifications of physiological and psychological order in this research we worked with a sample of 60 students, from Secondary School No. 8, morning and evening shift. An instrument was made with 45 variables, 5 of them signalytic: age, gender, an average of the previous cycle, performing some extracurricular activity, and shift. (...)
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  49. Critical Thinking and Informal Logic: Neuropsychological Perspectives.Paul Thagard - 2011 - Informal Logic 31 (3):152-170.
    This article challenges the common view that improvements in critical thinking are best pursued by investigations in informal logic. From the perspective of research in psychology and neuroscience, hu-man inference is a process that is multimodal, parallel, and often emo-tional, which makes it unlike the linguistic, serial, and narrowly cog-nitive structure of arguments. At-tempts to improve inferential prac-tice need to consider psychological error tendencies, which are patterns of thinking that are natural for peo-ple but frequently lead to mistakes in judgment. (...)
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    Biodiversity Loss, the Motivational Gap, and the Failure of Conservation Education.William Grove-Fanning - 2010 - Southwest Philosophy Review 26 (1):119-130.
    While the precipitous decline of biodiversity threatens life-sustaining processes and vast segments of the human population, concern about its loss remains extremely shallow. Nearly all motivational campaigns falsely assume that upon appreciating the relevant information, people will be sufficiently motivated to do something. But rational argumentation is doomed to fail, for there exists a motivational gap between a comprehension of the crisis and action taken based upon such knowledge. The origin of the gap lies neither in the quantity (...)
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