Results for 'Alexander Powell'

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  1. Disciplinary baptisms: a comparison of the naming stories of genetics, molecular biology, genomics, and systems biology.Alexander Powell, Maureen A. O. Malley, Staffan Muller-Wille, Jane Calvert & John Dupré - 2007 - History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences 29 (1):5.
     
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  2.  60
    From molecules to systems: the importance of looking both ways.Alexander Powell & John Dupré - 2009 - Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part C: Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences 40 (1):54-64.
    Although molecular biology has meant different things at different times, the term is often associated with a tendency to view cellular causation as conforming to simple linear schemas in which macro-scale effects are specified by micro-scale structures. The early achievements of molecular biologists were important for the formation of such an outlook, one to which the discovery of recombinant DNA techniques, and a number of other findings, gave new life even after the complexity of genotype–phenotype
    relations had become apparent. Against this (...)
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  3.  48
    Disciplinary baptisms: A comparison of the naming stories of genetics, molecular biology, genomics and systems biology.Alexander Powell, Maureen A. O'Malley, Staffan Mueller-Wille, Jane Calvert & John Dupré - 2007 - History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences 29 (1):5-32.
    Understanding how scientific activities use naming stories to achieve disciplinary status is important not only for insight into the past, but for evaluating current claims that new disciplines are emerging. In order to gain a historical understanding of how new disciplines develop in relation to these baptismal narratives, we compare two recently formed disciplines, systems biology and genomics, with two earlier related life sciences, genetics and molecular biology. These four disciplines span the twentieth century, a period in which the processes (...)
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  4.  42
    Evolution: A View from the 21st Century James Shapiro Upper Saddle River, NJ: FT Press Science, 2011.Alexander Powell - 2011 - Genomics, Society and Policy 7 (1):1-9.
  5.  25
    Molecules, Cells and Minds: Aspects of Bioscientific Explanation.Alexander Powell - 2009 - Dissertation, University of Exeter
    In this thesis I examine a number of topics that bear on explanation and understanding in molecular and cell biology, in order to shed new light on explanatory practice in those areas and to find novel angles from which to approach relevant philosophical debates. The topics I look at include mechanism, emergence, cellular complexity, and the informational role of the genome. I develop a perspective that stresses the intimacy of the relations between ontology and epistemology. Whether a phenomenon looks mechanistic, (...)
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  6.  49
    Knowledge-Making Distinctions in Synthetic Biology.Maureen A. O'Malley, Alexander Powell, Jonathan F. Davies & Jane Calvert - 2008 - Bioessays 30 (1):57-65.
    Synthetic biology is an increasingly high-profile area of research that can be understood as encompassing three broad approaches towards the synthesis of living systems: DNA-based device construction, genome-driven cell engineering and protocell creation. Each approach is characterized by different aims, methods and constructs, in addition to a range of positions on intellectual property and regulatory regimes. We identify subtle but important differences between the schools in relation to their treatments of genetic determinism, cellular context and complexity. These distinctions tie into (...)
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  7.  94
    Knowledge‐making distinctions in synthetic biology.Maureen A. O'Malley, Alexander Powell, Jonathan F. Davies & Jane Calvert - 2008 - Bioessays 30 (1):57-65.
    Synthetic biology is an increasingly high‐profile area of research that can be understood as encompassing three broad approaches towards the synthesis of living systems: DNA‐based device construction, genome‐driven cell engineering and protocell creation. Each approach is characterized by different aims, methods and constructs, in addition to a range of positions on intellectual property and regulatory regimes. We identify subtle but important differences between the schools in relation to their treatments of genetic determinism, cellular context and complexity. These distinctions tie into (...)
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  8. Laying down the Law: first-person narration and moral judgement in the Old English Letter of Alexander to Aristotle.Kathryn Powell - 2004 - Bulletin of the John Rylands Library 86 (2):55-68.
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    This Long Disease, My Life: Alexander Pope and the SciencesMarjorie Nicolson G. S. Rousseau.William Powell Jones - 1969 - Isis 60 (2):258-259.
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  10.  12
    Alexander Moritzi, a Swiss Pre-Darwinian Evolutionist: Insights into the Creationist-Transmutationist Debates of the 1830s and 1840s. [REVIEW]William E. Friedman & Peter K. Endress - 2020 - Journal of the History of Biology 53 (4):549-585.
    Alexander Moritzi is one of the most obscure figures in the early history of evolutionary thought. Best known for authoring a flora of Switzerland, Moritzi also published Réflexions sur l’espèce en histoire naturelle, a remarkable book about evolution with an overtly materialist viewpoint. In this work, Moritzi argues that the generally accepted line between species and varieties is artificial, that varieties can over time give rise to new species, and that deep time and turnover of species in the fossil (...)
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  11.  49
    Moral Value and Reason.S. F. Sapontzis - 1983 - The Monist 66 (1):146-159.
    John Alexander entered the Powell Street branch of the San Francisco Savings Bank shortly after 2:00 p.m. yesterday. He took his place in line and quietly waited his turn. But when he reached the window of teller Jane East, he quickly took a pistol from his pocket and began to order her to give him all the money in her cash drawer. Just as Alexander started to make his demand, Barney Gleason, a bank customer, rushed up to (...)
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  12.  87
    Instrumental Biology, or the Disunity of Science.Alexander Rosenberg - 1994 - Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
    Do the sciences aim to uncover the structure of nature, or are they ultimately a practical means of controlling our environment? In Instrumental Biology, or the Disunity of Science, Alexander Rosenberg argues that while physics and chemistry can develop laws that reveal the structure of natural phenomena, biology is fated to be a practical, instrumental discipline. Because of the complexity produced by natural selection, and because of the limits on human cognition, scientists are prevented from uncovering the basic structure (...)
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  13. Modal logic.Alexander Chagrov - 1997 - New York: Oxford University Press. Edited by Michael Zakharyaschev.
    For a novice this book is a mathematically-oriented introduction to modal logic, the discipline within mathematical logic studying mathematical models of reasoning which involve various kinds of modal operators. It starts with very fundamental concepts and gradually proceeds to the front line of current research, introducing in full details the modern semantic and algebraic apparatus and covering practically all classical results in the field. It contains both numerous exercises and open problems, and presupposes only minimal knowledge in mathematics. A specialist (...)
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  14.  21
    Shame on You: When Materialism Leads to Purchase Intentions Toward Counterfeit Products.Alexander Davidson, Marcelo Vinhal Nepomuceno & Michel Laroche - 2019 - Journal of Business Ethics 155 (2):479-494.
    In recent years, counterfeiting has grown exponentially and has now become a grave economic problem. The acquisition of counterfeits poses an ethical dilemma as it benefits the buyer and illegal seller at the cost of the legitimate producer and with fewer taxes being paid throughout the supply chain. Previous research reveals inconsistent and sometimes inconclusive findings regarding whether materialism is associated, positively or negatively, with intentions to purchase counterfeits. The current research seeks to resolve these inconsistencies by investigating previously ignored (...)
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  15.  11
    Was Ludwig von Mises a Conventionalist? - A New Analysis of the Epistemology of the Austrian School of Economics.Alexander Linsbichler - 2017 - Palgrave Macmillan.
    This book presents a concise introduction to the epistemology and methodology of the Austrian School of economics as defended by Ludwig von Mises. The author provides an innovative interpretation of Mises’ arguments in favour of the a priori truth of praxeology, the received view of which contributed to the academic marginalisation of the Austrian School. The study puts forward a unique argument that Mises – perhaps unintentionally – defends a form of conventionalism. Chapters in the book include detailed discussions of (...)
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  16. Taste, traits, and tendencies.Alexander Dinges & Julia Zakkou - 2021 - Philosophical Studies 178 (4):1183-1206.
    Many experiential properties are naturally understood as dispositions such that e.g. a cake tastes good to you iff you are disposed to get gustatory pleasure when you eat it. Such dispositional analyses, however, face a challenge. It has been widely observed that one cannot properly assert “The cake tastes good to me” unless one has tried it. This acquaintance requirement is puzzling on the dispositional account because it should be possible to be disposed to like the cake even if this (...)
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  17.  21
    Including Everyone but Engaging No One? Partnership as a Prerequisite for Trustworthiness.Alexander T. M. Cheung - 2018 - American Journal of Bioethics 18 (4):55-57.
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  18. Knowledge and availability.Alexander Dinges - 2018 - Philosophical Psychology 31 (4):554-573.
    The mentioning of error-possibilities makes us less likely to ascribe knowledge. This paper offers a novel psychological account of this data. The account appeals to “subadditivity,” a well-known psychological tendency to judge possibilities as more likely when they are disjunctively described.
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  19.  10
    Laruelle: Against the Digital.Alexander R. Galloway - 2014 - Minneapolis: Univ of Minnesota Press.
    _Laruelle_ is one of the first books in English to undertake in an extended critical survey of the work of the idiosyncratic French thinker François Laruelle, the promulgator of non-standard philosophy. Laruelle, who was born in 1937, has recently gained widespread recognition, and Alexander R. Galloway suggests that readers may benefit from colliding Laruelle’s concept of the One with its binary counterpart, the Zero, to explore more fully the relationship between philosophy and the digital. In _Laruelle_, Galloway argues that (...)
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  20.  10
    The Philosophy of Debt.Alexander X. Douglas - 2015 - Routledge.
    I owe you a dinner invitation, you owe ten years on your mortgage, and the government owes billions. We speak confidently about these cases of debt, but is that concept clear in its meaning? This book aims to clarify the concept of debt so we can find better answers to important moral and political questions. This book seeks to accomplish two things. The first is to clarify the concept of debt by examining how the word is used in language. The (...)
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  21. Sympathy and the impartial spectator.Alexander Broadie - 1996 - In Knud Haakonssen (ed.), The Cambridge companion to Adam Smith. New York: Cambridge University Press.
  22.  64
    Susan Stebbing’s Logical Interventionism.Alexander X. Douglas & Jonathan Nassim - 2021 - History and Philosophy of Logic 42 (2):101-117.
    We examine a contribution L. Susan Stebbing made to the understanding of critical thinking and its relation to formal logic. Stebbing took expertise in formal logic to authorise logical intervention in public debate, specifically in assessing of the validity of everyday reasoning. She held, however, that formal logic is purely the study of logical form. Given the problems of ascertaining logical form in any particular instance, and that logical form does not always track informal validity, it is difficult to see (...)
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  23.  30
    Evidence for Multiple Sources of Inductive Potential: Occupations and Their Relations to Social Institutions.Alexander Noyes, Yarrow Dunham, Frank Keil & Katherine Ritchie - 2021 - Cognitive Psychology 130.
    Several current theories have essences as primary drivers of inductive potential: e.g., people infer dogs share properties because they share essences. We investigated the possibility that people take occupational roles as having robust inductive potential because of a different source: their position in stable social institutions. In Studies 1–4, participants learned a novel property about a target, and then decided whether two new individuals had the property (one with the same occupation, one without). Participants used occupational roles to robustly generalize (...)
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  24.  11
    Jan Tinbergen and the Rise of Technocracy.Alexander Linsbichler - 2023 - In Friedrich Stadler (ed.), Wittgenstein and the Vienna Circle. 100 Years After the ‘Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus’. Vienna Circle Institute Yearbook 28. Springer. pp. 597-604.
    Writing a captivating book about a bureaucrat and his statistical modelling techniques is impossible? Erwin Dekker’s biography of Jan Tinbergen proves otherwise. As he has done before, Dekker tells the history of economic thought and methodology as part and parcel of general intellectual and cultural history. Nevertheless, he never downplays or neglects the analysis of inner-scientific problem situations. Drawing on rich archival material and conversations with Tinbergen’s family, students, and colleagues, Dekker vividly introduces us to an extraordinary personality and career. (...)
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  25.  38
    Philosophies of mathematics.Alexander L. George & Daniel Velleman - 2002 - Malden, Mass.: Blackwell. Edited by Daniel J. Velleman.
    This book provides an accessible, critical introduction to the three main approaches that dominated work in the philosophy of mathematics during the twentieth century: logicism, intuitionism and formalism.
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  26.  34
    Derrida.Alexander Nehamas & Christopher Norris - 1991 - Philosophical Review 100 (2):303.
  27.  69
    Absolute gradable adjectives and loose talk.Alexander Dinges - 2024 - Linguistics and Philosophy 47 (2):341-360.
    Kennedy (Linguist Philos 30:1–45, 2007) forcefully proposes what is now a widely assumed semantics for absolute gradable adjectives. On this semantics, maximum standard adjectives like “straight” and “dry” ascribe a maximal degree of the underlying quantity. Meanwhile, minimum standard adjectives like “bent” and “wet” merely ascribe a non-zero, non-minimal degree of the underlying quantity. This theory clashes with the ordinary intuition that sentences like “The stick is straight” are frequently true while sentences like “The stick is bent” are frequently informative, (...)
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  28.  42
    From dressed electrons to quasiparticles: The emergence of emergent entities in quantum field theory.Alexander S. Blum & Christian Joas - 2016 - Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part B: Studies in History and Philosophy of Modern Physics 53:1-8.
  29.  67
    Rawls, Buchanan, and the Legal Doctrine of Legitimate Expectations.Alexander Brown - 2012 - Social Theory and Practice 38 (4):617-644.
    The article responds to an overlooked objection put by Allen Buchanan to John Rawls’s theory of justice: that implementing the Difference Principle over time may require gross and frequent disruptions of people’s framing and execution of long-term plans. Having strengthened Buchanan’s objection to resolve significant weaknesses in his main counterexample, I argue that the best response to this objection draws on the concept of the rule of law, specifically, the legal doctrine of legitimate expectations, which can be found in English, (...)
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  30.  15
    Groups as institutions: The use of constitutive rules to attribute group membership.Alexander Noyes & Yarrow Dunham - 2020 - Cognition 196 (C):104143.
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  31.  38
    Problems from Locke.Peter Alexander - 1977 - Philosophical Quarterly 27 (107):169-172.
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  32.  21
    Inter-individual Differences in Heart Rate Variability Are Associated with Inter-individual Differences in Empathy and Alexithymia.Alexander Lischke, Rike Pahnke, Anett Mau-Moeller, Martin Behrens, Hans J. Grabe, Harald J. Freyberger, Alfons O. Hamm & Matthias Weippert - 2018 - Frontiers in Psychology 9.
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  33.  25
    The philosophy of debt.Alexander Douglas - 2016 - The Philosophers' Magazine 72:43-44.
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  34.  67
    If we value individual responsibility, which policies should we favour?Alexander Brown - 2005 - Journal of Applied Philosophy 22 (1):23–44.
    ABSTRACT Individual responsibility is now very much on the political agenda. Even those who believe that its importance has been exaggerated by the political right — either because the appropriate conditions for assigning responsibility to individuals are rarely satisfied or because not enough is done to protect individuals from the more harmful consequences of their past choices and gambles — accept that individual responsibility is at least one of the values against which a society and its institutions ought to be (...)
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  35.  29
    The Real Problem Is Consent for Treatment, Not Consent for Research.Alexander M. Capron - 2013 - American Journal of Bioethics 13 (12):27-29.
  36. Philosophies of Mathematics.Alexander George & Daniel J. Velleman - 2004 - Philosophical Quarterly 54 (214):194-196.
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  37.  5
    Zeit: eine Kulturgeschichte.Alexander Demandt - 2015 - Berlin: Propyläen.
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  38.  5
    The Truth About Algorithmic Problems in Correspondence Theory.Alexander Chagrov & Lilia Chagrova - 1998 - In Marcus Kracht, Maarten de Rijke, Heinrich Wansing & Michael Zakharyaschev (eds.), Advances in Modal Logic. CSLI Publications. pp. 121-138.
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  39.  72
    A theory of causation in the social and biological sciences.Alexander Reutlinger - 2013 - New York: Palgrave-Macmillan.
    What exactly do social scientists and biologists say when they make causal claims? This question is one of the central puzzles in philosophy of science. Alexander Reutlinger sets out to answer this question. He aims to provide a theory of causation in the special sciences (that is, a theory causation in the social sciences, the biological sciences and other higher-level sciences). According one recent prominent view, causation is that causation is intimately tied to manipulability and the possibility of intervene. (...)
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  40.  26
    Staying Together: A Bidirectional Delay–Coupled Approach to Joint Action.Alexander P. Demos, Hamed Layeghi, Marcelo M. Wanderley & Caroline Palmer - 2019 - Cognitive Science 43 (8):e12766.
    To understand how individuals adapt to and anticipate each other in joint tasks, we employ a bidirectional delay–coupled dynamical system that allows for mutual adaptation and anticipation. In delay–coupled systems, anticipation is achieved when one system compares its own time‐delayed behavior, which implicitly includes past information about the other system’s behavior, with the other system’s instantaneous behavior. Applied to joint music performance, the model allows each system to adapt its behavior to the dynamics of the other. Model predictions of asynchrony (...)
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  41.  25
    Damn Great Empires!: William James and the Politics of Pragmatism.Alexander Livingston - 2016 - New York: Oxford University Press USA.
    Damn Great Empires! offers a new perspective on the works of William James by placing his encounter with American imperialism at the center of his philosophical vision. This book reconstructs James's overlooked political thought by treating his anti-imperialist Nachlass -- his speeches, essays, notes, and correspondence on the United States' annexation of the Philippines -- as the key to unlocking the political significance of his celebrated writings on psychology, religion, and philosophy. It shows how James located a craving for authority (...)
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  42.  83
    Some Alternatives in Interpreting Parmenides.Alexander P. D. Mourelatos - 1979 - The Monist 62 (1):3-14.
    In the work of interpreting Parmenides we have witnessed in the ’sixties and ’seventies, in English language scholarship, that rarest of phenomena in the study of ancient philosophy, the emergence of a consensus. Four interpretive theses now seem quite widely shared: Parmenides deliberately suppresses the subject of esti, “is,” or einai, “to be,” in his statement of the two “routes” in B2, his intention being to allow the subject to become gradually specified as the argument unfolds. The negative route, ouk (...)
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  43. Was Spinoza a Naturalist?Alexander Douglas - 2014 - Pacific Philosophical Quarterly 96 (1):77-99.
    In this article I dispute the claim, made by several contemporary scholars, that Spinoza was a naturalist. ‘Naturalism’ here refers to two distinct but related positions in contemporary philosophy. The first, ontological naturalism, is the view that everything that exists possesses a certain character permitting it to be defined as natural and prohibiting it from being defined as supernatural. I argue that the only definition of ontological naturalism that could be legitimately applied to Spinoza's philosophy is so unrestrictive as to (...)
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  44.  46
    Molecular dynamics prediction of phonon-mediated thermal conductivity of f.c.c. Cu.Alexander V. Evteev, Leila Momenzadeh, Elena V. Levchenko, Irina V. Belova & Graeme E. Murch - 2014 - Philosophical Magazine 94 (7):731-751.
  45.  13
    Extension of Gurevich-Harrington's restricted memory determinacy theorem: a criterion for the winning player and an explicit class of winning strategies.Alexander Yakhnis & Vladimir Yakhnis - 1990 - Annals of Pure and Applied Logic 48 (3):277-297.
    We extend Gurevich-Harrington's Restricted Memory Determinacy Theorem), which served in their paper as a tool to give their celebrated “short proof” of Robin's decision method for S2S. We generalize the determinacy problem by attaching to the game two opposing strategies called restraints, and by asking “which player has a strategy which is a refinement of the restraint for the player and such that it wins the game against the restraint of the opponent?” We give a solution for the Determinacy with (...)
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  46.  62
    Bounds on the competence of a homogeneous jury.Alexander Zaigraev & Serguei Kaniovski - 2012 - Theory and Decision 72 (1):89-112.
    In a homogeneous jury, the votes are exchangeable correlated Bernoulli random variables. We derive the bounds on a homogeneous jury’s competence as the minimum and maximum probability of the jury being correct, which arise due to unknown correlations among the votes. The lower bound delineates the downside risk associated with entrusting decisions to the jury. In large and not-too-competent juries the lower bound may fall below the success probability of a fair coin flip—one half, while the upper bound may not (...)
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  47.  15
    Looking Back at the President's Commission.Alexander Morgan Capron - 1983 - Hastings Center Report 13 (5):7-10.
  48.  22
    Abandoning a Waning Life.Alexander Morgan Capron - 2012 - Hastings Center Report 25 (4):24-26.
  49.  9
    Epistemische Tugenden im deutschen und britischen Galvanismusdiskurs um 1800.Alexander Stöger - 2020 - Paderborn: Brill, Wilhelm Fink.
    Das Bild vom glaubwürdigen Wissenschaftler? vom Universalgelehrten der Renaissance zu modernen Laborspezialist*innen - ist ein kulturelles Konstrukt, das die Ansprüche seiner Zeit widerspiegelt. Wie es entsteht, wird im Galvanismusdiskurs um 1800 deutlich.Dieser Band beschäftigt sich mit den Fragen: Wer gilt um 1800 als Naturwissenschaftler? Wie findet man als junger Forscher Aufnahme in die wissenschaftliche Gemeinschaft? Und worin manifestieren sich die wissenschaftskulturellen Unterschiede in Deutschland und Großbritannien zu Beginn des 19. Jahrhunderts? Anhand der frühen Publikationen der jungen aufstrebenden Naturforscher Alexander (...)
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  50.  54
    Quatenus and Spinoza’s Monism.Alexander Douglas - 2018 - Journal of the History of Philosophy 56 (2):261-280.
    spinoza holds that god is the only substance and that ordinary things are modes of that substance. Precisely what this entails as a metaphysical thesis is a matter of contention, but it has been criticized on logical grounds. Briefly, the criticism is as follows. Assuming that only a substance can be a proper subject of predication, it follows from Spinoza’s thesis that all predications correctly made of ordinary things must be properly made of God.1 This leads to contradiction. As some (...)
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