Results for 'Josef Apelman'

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  1.  16
    Mindfulness-Based Restoration Skills Training (ReST) in a Natural Setting Compared to Conventional Mindfulness Training: Psychological Functioning After a Five-Week Course.Freddie Lymeus, Marie Ahrling, Josef Apelman, Cecilia de Mander Florin, Cecilia Nilsson, Janina Vincenti, Agnes Zetterberg, Per Lindberg & Terry Hartig - 2020 - Frontiers in Psychology 11.
  2. From infants' to children's appreciation of belief.Josef Perner & Johannes Roessler - 2012 - Trends in Cognitive Sciences 16 (10):519-525.
  3.  74
    He thinks he knows: And more developmental evidence against the simulation (role taking) theory.Josef Perner & Deborrah Howes - 1992 - Mind and Language 7 (1-2):72-86.
  4. Mental files and belief: A cognitive theory of how children represent belief and its intensionality.Josef Perner, Michael Huemer & Brian Leahy - 2015 - Cognition 145 (C):77-88.
    We provide a cognitive analysis of how children represent belief using mental files. We explain why children who pass the false belief test are not aware of the intensionality of belief. Fifty-one 3½- to 7-year old children were familiarized with a dual object, e.g., a ball that rattles and is described as a rattle. They observed how a puppet agent witnessed the ball being put into box 1. In the agent’s absence the ball was taken from box 1, the child (...)
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  5.  39
    Knowledge for hunger: Children's problem with representation in imputing mental states.Josef Perner & Jane E. Ogden - 1988 - Cognition 29 (1):47-61.
  6.  78
    Mental Files in Development: Dual Naming, False Belief, Identity and Intensionality.Josef Perner & Brian Leahy - 2016 - Review of Philosophy and Psychology 7 (2):491-508.
    We use mental files to present an analysis of children's developing understanding of identity in alternative naming tasks and belief. The core assumption is that younger children below the age of about 4 years create different files for an object depending on how the object is individuated. They can anchor them to the same object, hence think of the same object whether they think of it as a rabbit or as an animal. However, the claim is, they cannot yet link (...)
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  7.  26
    Memory and theory of mind.Josef Perner - 2000 - In Endel Tulving (ed.), The Oxford Handbook of Memory. Oxford University Press. pp. 297--312.
  8.  74
    Objects of desire, thought, and reality: Problems of anchoring discourse referents in development.Josef Perner, Bibiane Rendl & Alan Garnham - 2007 - Mind and Language 22 (5):475–513.
    Our objectives in this article are to bring some theoretical order into developmental sequences and simultaneities in children’s ability to appreciate multiple labels for single objects, to reason with identity statements, to reason hypothetically, counterfactually, and with beliefs and desires, and to explain why an ‘implicit’ understanding of belief occurs before an ‘explicit’ understanding. The central idea behind our explanation is the emerging grasp of how objects of thought and desire relate to real objects and to each other. To capture (...)
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  9.  38
    The many faces of belief: reflections on Fodor's and the child's theory of mind.Josef Perner - 1995 - Cognition 57 (3):241-269.
  10.  46
    What is a perspective problem? Developmental issues in belief ascription and dual identity.Josef Perner, Johannes L. Brandl & Alan Garnham - 2003 - Facta Philosophica 5 (2):355-378.
    We develop a criterion for telling when integrating two pieces of information, e.g. two pictures or statements requires an understanding of perspective. Problems that require such an understanding are perspective problems. With this criterion we can show that understanding false beliefs vis-à-vis reality pose a perspective problem, so does understanding spatial descriptions given from different viewing points (a classical example of what is commonly seen as a problem of perspective) and individuating objects with different sortals (naming objects). We use the (...)
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  11.  40
    13 The meta-intentional nature of executive functions and theory of mind.Josef Perner - 1998 - In Peter Carruthers & Jill Boucher (eds.), Language and Thought: Interdisciplinary Themes. New York: Cambridge University Press. pp. 270.
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  12.  15
    Simulation as explicitation of predication-implicit knowledge about the mind: Arguments for a simulation-theory mix.Josef Perner - 1996 - In Peter Carruthers & Peter K. Smith (eds.), Theories of Theories of Mind. New York: Cambridge University Press. pp. 90--104.
  13. Introspection & Remembering.Josef Perner, Daniela Kloo & Elisabeth Stöttinger - 2007 - Synthese 159 (2):253 - 270.
    We argue that episodic remembering, understood as the ability to re-experience past events, requires a particular kind of introspective ability and understanding. It requires the understanding that first person experiences can represent actual events. In this respect it differs from the understanding required by the traditional false belief test for children, where a third person attribution (to others or self) of a behavior governing representation is sufficient. The understanding of first person experiences as representations is also required for problem solving (...)
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  14.  28
    Mental Simulation.Josef Perner & Anton Kühberger - 2005 - In Bertram F. Malle & Sara D. Hodges (eds.), Other Minds: How Humans Bridge the Gap Between Self and Others. Guilford. pp. 174.
  15.  27
    MiniMeta: in search of minimal criteria for metacognition.Josef Perner - 2012 - In Michael J. Beran, Johannes Brandl, Josef Perner & Joëlle Proust (eds.), The foundations of metacognition. Oxford University Press. pp. 94--116.
  16.  59
    The practical other : teleology and its development.Josef Perner, Beate Priewasser & Johannes Roessler - 2018 - Interdisciplinary Science Reviews 43 (2).
    We argue for teleology as a description of the way in which we ordinarily understand others’ intentional actions. Teleology starts from the close resemblance between the reasoning involved in understanding others’ actions and one’s own practical reasoning involved in deciding what to do. We carve out teleology’s distinctive features more sharply by comparing it to its three main competitors: theory theory, simulation theory, and rationality theory. The plausibility of teleology as our way of understanding others is underlined by developmental data (...)
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  17.  38
    Understanding the mind as an active information processor: Do young children have a “copy theory of mind”?Josef Perner & Graham Davies - 1991 - Cognition 39 (1):51-69.
  18. Developmental aspects of consciousness: How much theory of mind do you need to be consciously aware?Josef Perner & Zoltán Dienes - 2003 - Consciousness and Cognition 12 (1):63-82.
    When do children become consciously aware of events in the world? Five possible strategies are considered for their usefulness in determining the age in question. Three of these strategies ask when children show signs of engaging in activities for which conscious awareness seems necessary in adults , and two of the strategies consider when children have the ability to have the minimal form of higher-order thought necessary for access consciousness and phenomenal consciousness, respectively. The tentative answer to the guiding question (...)
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  19.  79
    Is reasoning from counterfactual antecedents evidence for counterfactual reasoning?Josef Perner & Eva Rafetseder - 2010 - Thinking and Reasoning 16 (2):131-155.
    In most developmental studies the only error children could make on counterfactual tasks was to answer with the current state of affairs. It was concluded that children who did not show this error are able to reason counterfactually. However, children might have avoided this error by using basic conditional reasoning (Rafetseder, Cristi-Vargas, & Perner, 2010). Basic conditional reasoning takes background assumptions represented as conditionals about how the world works. If an antecedent of one of these conditionals is provided by the (...)
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  20. Dual Control and the Causal Theory of Action: The Case of Non-intentional Action.Josef Perner - 2003 - In Johannes Roessler & Naomi Eilan (eds.), Agency and Self-Awareness: Issues in Philosophy and Psychology. New York: Oxford University Press.
  21. On the nature of the BOLD f MRI contrast mechanism.Josef Pfeuffer - unknown
    Since its development about 15 years ago, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has become the leading research tool for mapping brain activity. The technique works by detecting the levels of oxygen in the blood, point by point, throughout the brain. In other words, it relies on a surrogate signal, resulting from changes in oxygenation, blood volume and flow, and does not directly measure neural activity. Although a relationship between changes in brain activity and blood flow has long been speculated, indirectly (...)
     
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  22.  28
    File Change Semantics for preschoolers: Alternative naming and belief understanding.Josef Perner & Johannes L. Brandl - 2005 - Interaction Studies 6 (3):483-501.
  23. From an implicit to an explicit "theory of mind".Josef Perner & W. Clements - 2000 - In Yves Rossetti (ed.), Beyond Dissociation: Interaction Between Dissociated Implicit and Explicit Processing. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
  24.  48
    Predicting others through simulation or by theory? A method to decide.Josef Perner, Andreas Gschaider, Anton Kühberger & Siegfried Schrofner - 1999 - Mind and Language 14 (1):57-79.
    A method is presented for deciding whether correct predictions about other people are based on simulation or theory use. The differentiating power of this method was assessed with cognitive estimation biases (e.g. estimating the area of Brazil) in two variations. Experiments 1 and 2 operated with the influence of response scales of different length. Experiment 3 used the difference between free estimates that tended to be far off the true value and estimates constrained by an appropriate response scale, where estimates (...)
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  25. The necessity and impossibility of simulation.Josef Perner - 1996 - In Christopher Peacocke (ed.), Objectivity, Simulation and the Unity of Consciousness: Current Issues in the Philosophy of Mind. British Academy.
     
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  26.  31
    Is “thinking” belief? Reply to Wellman and Bartsch.Josef Perner - 1989 - Cognition 33 (3):315-319.
  27.  6
    Die Kunst der Resignation.Franz Josef Wetz - 2000 - Stuttgart: Klett-Cotta.
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  28.  23
    File Change Semantics for preschoolers.Josef Perner & Johannes L. Brandl - 2005 - Interaction Studies. Social Behaviour and Communication in Biological and Artificial Systemsinteraction Studies / Social Behaviour and Communication in Biological and Artificial Systemsinteraction Studies 6 (3):483-501.
    We develop a new theory of the cognitive changes around 4 years of age by trying to explain why understanding of false belief and of alternative naming emerge at this age. We make use of the notion of discourse referents as it is used in File Change Semantics, one of the early forms of the more widely known Discourse Representation Theory. The assumed cognitive change exists in how children can link DRs in their mind to external referents. The younger children (...)
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  29.  38
    Definition and Concept. Aristotelian Definition Vindicated: A Journal of Analytic Scholasticism.Josef Petrželka - 2008 - Studia Neoaristotelica 5 (1):3-37.
    The modern (Russellian) theory of definition conceives definitions as abbreviations, so that the question of adequateness (let alone of truth-value) of definitions becomes meaningless. In this paper we show that beside Russellian conception of definitions understood as abbreviations, there is an Aristotelian conception, which exploits the notion of essence and that this conception can be rehabilitated from the standpoint of the modern logic (in particular by means of Pavel Tichý’s Transparent Intensional Logic). Also Carnap’s ‘explication’ indicates that what we feel (...)
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  30.  61
    Misrepresentation and referential confusion: Children's difficulty with false beliefs and outdated photographs.Josef Perner, Susan R. Leekam, Deborah Myers, Shalini Davis & Nicola Odgers - 1998
    Three and 4-year-old children were tested on matched versions of Zaitchik's (1990) photo task and Wimmer and Perner's (1983) false belief task. Although replicating Zaitchik's finding that false belief and photo task are of equal difficulty, this applied only to mean performance across subjects and no substantial correlation between the two tasks was found. This suggests that the two tasks tap different intellectual abilities. It was further discovered that children's performance can be improved by drawing their attention to the back (...)
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  31.  41
    Simulation à la Goldman: pretend and collapse.Josef Perner & Johannes L. Brandl - 2009 - Philosophical Studies 144 (3):435-446.
    Theories of mind draw on processes that represent mental states and their computational connections; simulation, in addition, draws on processes that replicate (Heal 1986 ) a sequence of mental states. Moreover, mental simulation can be triggered by input from imagination instead of real perceptions. To avoid confusion between mental states concerning reality and those created in simulation, imagined contents must be quarantined. Goldman bypasses this problem by giving pretend states a special role to play in simulation (Goldman 2006 ). We (...)
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  32. Max–Planck–Institut für biologische Kybernetik.Josef Pfeuffer - unknown
    In this project, a spiral fast imaging sequence was implemented on a Bruker Avance MR system. Acquisition and processing schemes were developed to measure the experimental k-space trajectories. Since errors in k-space are reflected as errors in the corresponding image, we used different strategies to measure and calculate corrections for deviation of the experimental k-space trajectory from the theoretical one. Even if the k-space trajectories deviate from the theoretical ones, an experimentally measured trajectory can be incorporated in the spiral reconstruction (...)
     
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  33.  27
    A plea for the second functionalist model and the insufficiency of simulation.Josef Perner - 1993 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 16 (1):66-67.
  34. Do infants understand that external goals are internally represented?Josef Perner & Martin Doherty - 2005 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 28 (5):710-711.
    Evidence for infants' sensitivity to behavior being goal oriented leaves it open as to whether they see such behavior as being designed to lead to an external goal or whether they see it, in addition, as being directed by an internal representation of the goal. We point out the difficulty of finding possible criteria for how infants or children view this matter.
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  35. The absoluteness of moral terms.Josef Fuchs - 2000 - In Christopher Robert Kaczor (ed.), Proportionalism: for and against. Milwaukee, Wis.: Marquette University Press.
  36.  7
    Conventions of relevance: “Look, but don't touch with dirty hands!” A rejoinder to Siegal and Sanderson.Josef Perner - 1989 - Cognition 31 (3):281-284.
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  37. Deconstructing RTK: How to explicate a theory of implicit knowledge.Josef Perner & Zoltan Dienes - 1999 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 22 (5):790-801.
    In this response, we start from first principles, building up our theory to show more precisely what assumptions we do and do not make about the representational nature of implicit and explicit knowledge (in contrast to the target article, where we started our exposition with a description of a fully fledged representational theory of knowledge (RTK). Along the way, we indicate how our analysis does not rely on linguistic representations but it implies that implicit knowledge is causally efficacious; we discuss (...)
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  38.  48
    Higher order thinking.Josef Perner & Zoltan Dienes - 1999 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 22 (1):164-165.
    O'Brien & Opie's position is consistent with the existence of implicit learning and subliminal perception below a subjective threshold but it is inconsistent with various other findings in the literature. The main problem with the theory is that it attributes consciousness to too many things. Incorporating the higher order thought theory renders their position more plausible.
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  39. Jean-François Lyotard, eine Position mit oder ohne Zukunft?Josef Perger - 1989 - In Walter Reese-Schäfer & Bernhard Taureck (eds.), Jean-François Lyotard. Cuxhaven: Junghans.
     
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  40.  17
    of Conditional Reasoning.Josef Perner & Eva Rafetseder - 2011 - In Christoph Hoerl, Teresa McCormack & Sarah R. Beck (eds.), Understanding Counterfactuals, Understanding Causation: Issues in Philosophy and Psychology. Oxford:: Oxford University Press. pp. 90.
  41.  38
    Room for concept development?Josef Perner - 1998 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 21 (1):82-83.
    Millikan's externalist account of concept acquisition cannot completely avoid the distinction between central (defining) and peripheral (characteristic) features, because some knowledge is required to achieve reference and to decide what kind of information to record about the identified substances. However, the emphasis on external reference may provide the requisite principled way to make this distinction.
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  42.  14
    Kladivo na časoděj.Josef Petrželka - 2011 - Studia Philosophica 58 (1):159-176.
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  43.  17
    Jak najít pravého prince?Josef Petrželka & Jan Váně - 2011 - Studia Philosophica 58 (1):139-158.
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  44.  14
    Jak najít pravého prince?Josef Petrželka & Ondřej Sládek - 2011 - Studia Philosophica 58 (1):139-158.
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  45.  15
    Kladivo na časoděj.Josef Petrželka - 2011 - Studia Philosophica 58 (1):159-176.
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  46.  10
    Platónova a Aristotelova teorie těžkého a lehkého, jejich zdroje a důsledky.Josef Petrželka - 2014 - Pro-Fil 14 (2):2.
    Cílem studie je srovnání Platónova a Aristotelova výkladu vlastností těžké a lehké. Nejprve jsou představeny hlavní motivy obou výkladů a poté následuje srovnání z hlediska využití empirických dat, z hlediska jejich explikační síly a také co do blízkosti modernímu pojetí tíže. V závěru se ukazuje, že Aristotelova koncepce těžkého a lehkého je propracovanější a komplexnější, ovšem mnohem stručnější výklad Platónův má také značné explikační možnosti a v určitých ohledech Aristotelovu teorii předčí.
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  47.  6
    Platónova a Aristotelova teorie těžkého a lehkého, jejich zdroje a důsledky.Josef Petrželka - 2014 - Pro-Fil 14 (2):2.
    Cílem studie je srovnání Platónova a Aristotelova výkladu vlastností těžké a lehké. Nejprve jsou představeny hlavní motivy obou výkladů a poté následuje srovnání z hlediska využití empirických dat, z hlediska jejich explikační síly a také co do blízkosti modernímu pojetí tíže. V závěru se ukazuje, že Aristotelova koncepce těžkého a lehkého je propracovanější a komplexnější, ovšem mnohem stručnější výklad Platónův má také značné explikační možnosti a v určitých ohledech Aristotelovu teorii předčí.
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  48.  10
    Kladivo na časoděj.Josef Petrželka, Rudolf Šnajder & Jana Gajdošová - 2011 - Studia Philosophica 58 (1):159-176.
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  49. Azamacrocyclic Ca2+ Sensitive Contrast Agents for MR Imaging.Josef Pfeuffer - unknown
    Calcium plays an important role in regulating a great variety of neuronal processes, and many efforts are made to generate gadolinium complexes that can act as calcium-dependent MRI contrast agents. A series of gadolinium chelate complexes based on DO3A were developed, bearing phosphonate groups as an additional coordination sites, which is hypothesized to change relaxivity in magnetic resonance experiments dynamically with Ca2+ concentration. Different lengths of the phosphonate side chains are expected to lead to different binding constants of the phosphonate (...)
     
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  50. Assessment of Bis-macrocyclic Compounds as Calcium-sensitive MR Contrast Agents.Josef Pfeuffer - unknown
    The ability of non-invasively observing changes in the Ca2+ concentrations is important in the understanding of a great variety of neuronal processes. Several compounds were designed (Fig.1) to take advantage of the different binding abilities of carboxylates and phosphonates to gadolinium. Furthermore the different affinities of the two functional groups to Ca2+ permit to obtain free coordination sites at gadolinium. The generation of these coordination sites, which are mandatory for water relaxivity, depends on the structure of the complexes and the (...)
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