Results for 'Paradoxes'

949 found
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  1. 'Non-Uniform Convergence'(joint paper with KG Denbigh).Gibbs Paradox - 1989 - Synthese 81:283-313.
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  2. Jaakko Hintikka.Paradoxes Of Confirmation - 1970 - In Carl G. Hempel, Donald Davidson & Nicholas Rescher, Essays in honor of Carl G. Hempel. Dordrecht,: D. Reidel. pp. 24.
  3.  13
    " To be an object" means" to have properties." Thus, any object has at least one property. A good formalization of this simple conclusion is a thesis of second-order logic:(1) Vx3P (Px) This formalization is based on two assumptions:(a) object variables. [REVIEW]Russell'S. Paradox - 2006 - In J. Jadacki & J. Pasniczek, The Lvov-Warsaw School: The New Generation. Reidel. pp. 6--129.
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  4. O jeho prekonanie (k tzv. Hermeneutizácii fenomenológie) Jozef piaček, katedra marxisticko-leninskej filozofie, ffuk, bratislava piacek, J.: Husserľs transcendental paradox and his attempt to.Husserlov Transcendentálny Paradox A. Pokus - 1982 - Filozofia 37:56.
     
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  5.  14
    Anstoss fur eine untypische version Des utilitarismus Fabian Fricke.Parfits Paradox der Blossen Hinzufugung - 2002 - Grazer Philosophische Studien 65 (1):175-207.
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  6. Contemporary views on the neo-bernoullian theory and the.Allais Paradox - 1977 - In Maurice Allais & Ole Hagen, Expected Utility Hypotheses and the Allais Paradox. D. Reidel. pp. 21--191.
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  7. Michael Davis.Some Paradoxes ofWhistleblowing 85 - 2003 - In William H. Shaw, Ethics at work: basic readings in business ethics. New York: Oxford University Press.
     
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  8. 1. Zeno's Metrical Paradox. The version of Zeno's argument that points to possible trouble in measure theory may be stated as follows: 1. Composition. A line segment is an aggregate of points. 2. Point-length. Each point has length 0. 3. Summation. The sum of a (possibly infinite) collection of 0's is. [REVIEW]Zeno'S. Metrical Paradox Revisited - 1988 - Philosophy of Science 55:58-73.
     
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  9. Logical Consequence and the Paradoxes.Edwin Mares & Francesco Paoli - 2014 - Journal of Philosophical Logic 43 (2-3):439-469.
    We group the existing variants of the familiar set-theoretical and truth-theoretical paradoxes into two classes: connective paradoxes, which can in principle be ascribed to the presence of a contracting connective of some sort, and structural paradoxes, where at most the faulty use of a structural inference rule can possibly be blamed. We impute the former to an equivocation over the meaning of logical constants, and the latter to an equivocation over the notion of consequence. Both equivocation sources (...)
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  10. Paradoxes of Irrationality.Donald Davidson - 2004 - In Problems of rationality. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 169–187.
    The author believes that large‐scale rationality on the part of the interpretant is essential to his interpretability, and therefore, in his view, to her having a mind. How, then are cases of irrationality, such as akrasia or self‐deception, judged by the interpretant's own standards, possible? He proposes that, in order to resolve the apparent paradoxes, one must distinguish between accepting a contradictory proposition and accepting separately each of two contradictory propositions, which are held apart, which in turn requires to (...)
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  11. The inclosure scheme and the solution to the paradoxes of self-reference.Jordi Valor Abad - 2008 - Synthese 160 (2):183 - 202.
    All paradoxes of self-reference seem to share some structural features. Russell in 1908 and especially Priest nowadays have advanced structural descriptions that successfully identify necessary conditions for having a paradox of this kind. I examine in this paper Priest’s description of these paradoxes, the Inclosure Scheme (IS), and consider in what sense it may help us understand and solve the problems they pose. However, I also consider the limitations of this kind of structural descriptions and give arguments against (...)
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  12.  56
    Paradoxes of the Infinite.Bernard Bolzano - 1950 - London, England: Routledge.
    _Paradoxes of the Infinite_ presents one of the most insightful, yet strangely unacknowledged, mathematical treatises of the 19 th century: Dr Bernard Bolzano’s _Paradoxien_. This volume contains an adept translation of the work itself by Donald A. Steele S.J., and in addition an historical introduction to the masterpiece, which includes a brief biography as well as an evaluation of Bolzano the mathematician, logician and physicist.
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  13. Proof Paradoxes, Agency, and Stereotyping.Aness Kim Webster - 2021 - Philosophical Issues 31 (1):355-373.
    Philosophical Issues, Volume 31, Issue 1, Page 355-373, October 2021.
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  14. Two Paradoxes of Common Knowledge: Coordinated Attack and Electronic Mail.Harvey Lederman - 2018 - Noûs 52 (4):921-945.
    The coordinated attack scenario and the electronic mail game are two paradoxes of common knowledge. In simple mathematical models of these scenarios, the agents represented by the models can coordinate only if they have common knowledge that they will. As a result, the models predict that the agents will not coordinate in situations where it would be rational to coordinate. I argue that we should resolve this conflict between the models and facts about what it would be rational to (...)
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  15.  77
    The Paradoxes of Kant's Ethics.A. C. Ewing - 1938 - Philosophy 13 (49):40 - 56.
    Nobody interested in philosophy need be deterred by Kant's reputation for difficulty from familiarizing himself with his ethics. While the Critique of Pure Reason and his other non-ethical works are very hard to follow, the first two chapters of the Fundamental Principles of the Metaphysic of Morals at least are clear and straightforward and presuppose little previous acquaintance with philosophy. The third chapter is not about ethics as such but about the metaphysical problem of freedom and should be omitted by (...)
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  16. Paradoxes in the School of Names.Chris Fraser - 2020 - In Yiu-Ming Fung, Dao Companion to Chinese Philosophy of Logic. Dordrecht: Springer.
    In the Western philosophical tradition, the earliest recognized paradoxes are attributed to Zeno of Elea (ca. 490–430 B.C.E.) and to Eubulides of Miletus (fl. 4th century B.C.E.). In the Chinese tradition, the earliest and most well-known paradoxes are ascribed to figures associated with the “School of Names” (ming jia 名家), a diverse group of Warring States (479–221 B.C.E.) thinkers who shared an interest in language, logic, and metaphysics. Their investigations led some of these thinkers to propound puzzling, paradoxical (...)
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  17.  69
    Designing Paradoxes: A Revision-theoretic Approach.Ming Hsiung - 2022 - Journal of Philosophical Logic 51 (4):739-789.
    According to the revision theory of truth, the binary sequences generated by the paradoxical sentences in revision sequence are always unstable. In this paper, we work backwards, trying to reconstruct the paradoxical sentences from some of their binary sequences. We give a general procedure of constructing paradoxes with specific binary sequences through some typical examples. Particularly, we construct what Herzberger called “unstable statements with unpredictably complicated variations in truth value.” Besides, we also construct those paradoxes with infinitely many (...)
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  18. Paradoxes of Rationality and Cooperation: Prisoner’s Dilemma and Newcomb’s Problem.Richmond Campbell & Lanning Sowden (eds.) - 1985 - Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press.
    1 Background for the Uninitiated RICHMOND CAMPBELL Paradoxes are intrinsically fascinating. They are also distinctively ...
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  19. Proof Paradoxes and Normic Support: Socializing or Relativizing?Marcello Di Bello - 2020 - Mind 129 (516):1269-1285.
    Smith argues that, unlike other forms of evidence, naked statistical evidence fails to satisfy normic support. This is his solution to the puzzles of statistical evidence in legal proof. This paper focuses on Smith’s claim that DNA evidence in cold-hit cases does not satisfy normic support. I argue that if this claim is correct, virtually no other form of evidence used at trial can satisfy normic support. This is troublesome. I discuss a few ways in which Smith can respond.
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  20. (1 other version)Paradoxes.R. M. Sainsbury - 1990 - Philosophy 65 (251):106-111.
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  21. Paradoxes of Emotional Life: Second-Order Emotions.Antonio de Castro Caeiro - 2022 - Philosophies 7 (5):109.
    Heidegger tries to explain our emotional life applying three schemes: causal explanation, mental internalisation of emotions and metaphorical expression. None of the three schemes explains emotion though. Either because the causal nexus does not always occur or because objects and people in the external world are carriers of emotional agents or because language is already on a metaphorical level. Moreover, how is it possible that there are presently emotions constituting our life without our being aware of their existence? From the (...)
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  22. Paradoxes of grounding in semantics.Hans G. Herzberger - 1970 - Journal of Philosophy 67 (6):145-167.
  23. Paradoxes of intensionality.Dustin Tucker & Richmond H. Thomason - 2011 - Review of Symbolic Logic 4 (3):394-411.
    We identify a class of paradoxes that is neither set-theoretical nor semantical, but that seems to depend on intensionality. In particular, these paradoxes arise out of plausible properties of propositional attitudes and their objects. We try to explain why logicians have neglected these paradoxes, and to show that, like the Russell Paradox and the direct discourse Liar Paradox, these intensional paradoxes are recalcitrant and challenge logical analysis. Indeed, when we take these paradoxes seriously, we may (...)
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  24.  48
    Paradoxes of Emotion and Fiction.Robert Yanal - 1999 - Pennsylvania State University Press.
    How can we experience real emotions when viewing a movie or reading a novel or watching a play when we know the characters whose actions have this effect on us do not exist? This is a conundrum that has puzzled philosophers for a long time, and in this book Robert Yanal both canvasses previously proposed solutions to it and offers one of his own. First formulated by Samuel Johnson, the paradox received its most famous answer from Samuel Taylor Coleridge, who (...)
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  25. Three Paradoxes of Supererogation.Daniel Muñoz - 2020 - Noûs 55 (3):699-716.
    Supererogatory acts—good deeds “beyond the call of duty”—are a part of moral common sense, but conceptually puzzling. I propose a unified solution to three of the most infamous puzzles: the classic Paradox of Supererogation (if it’s so good, why isn’t it just obligatory?), Horton’s All or Nothing Problem, and Kamm’s Intransitivity Paradox. I conclude that supererogation makes sense if, and only if, the grounds of rightness are multi-dimensional and comparative.
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  26.  49
    Structural Weakening and Paradoxes.Bruno Da Ré - 2021 - Notre Dame Journal of Formal Logic 62 (2):369-398.
    Recently, several authors have pointed out that substructural logics are adequate for developing naive theories that represent semantic concepts such as truth. Among them, three proposals have been explored: dropping cut, dropping contraction and dropping reflexivity. However, nowhere in the substructural literature has anyone proposed rejecting the structural rule of weakening, while accepting the other rules. Some theorists have even argued that this task was not possible, since weakening plays no role in the derivation of semantic paradoxes. In this (...)
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  27. (2 other versions)The Paradoxes of Time Travel.David Lewis - 1976 - American Philosophical Quarterly 13 (2):145-152.
  28. Sorites paradoxes and the semantics of vagueness.Michael Tye - 1994 - Philosophical Perspectives 8:189-206.
  29.  82
    Paradoxes of Neoliberalism and the Tasks of Critical Theory.Rocio Zambrana - 2013 - Critical Horizons 14 (1):93-119.
    Critical theory must add to its agenda “disrupt[ing] the easy passage from critique [to] its neoliberal double”, Nancy Fraser recently argued. Emancipatory movements have not only been transformed by neoliberalism. They have, “unwittingly”, provided powerful “ingredients” for the transition to neoliberalism. This essay examines Axel Honneth and Nancy Fraser’s assessment of and normative proposal for addressing the paradoxes of neoliberalism. The constraints of neoliberalism, I argue, bring into focus the structural challenge of immanent critique as understood within second and (...)
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  30. The Paradoxes of Allais and Ellsberg.Isaac Levi - 1986 - Economics and Philosophy 2 (1):23.
    In The Enterprise of Knowledge, I proposed a general theory of rational choice which I intended as a characterization of a prescriptive theory of ideal rationality. A cardinal tenet of this theory is that assessments of expected value or expected utility in the Bayesian sense may not be representable by a numerical indicator or indeed induce an ordering of feasible options in a context of deliberation. My reasons for taking this position are related to my commitment to the inquiry-oriented approach (...)
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  31. Queries on Hempel’s solution to the paradoxes of confirmation.Dun Xinguo - 2007 - Frontiers of Philosophy in China 2 (1):131-139.
    To solve the highly counterintuitive paradox of confirmation represented by the statement, “A pair of red shoes confirms that all ravens are black,” Hempel employed a strategy that retained the equivalence condition but abandoned Nicod’s irrelevance condition. However, his use of the equivalence condition is fairly ad hoc, raising doubts about its applicability to this problem. Furthermore, applying the irrelevance condition from Nicod’s criterion does not necessarily lead to paradoxes, nor does discarding it prevent the emergence of paradoxes. (...)
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  32. Merleau-Ponty and the Paradoxes of Expression.Donald A. Landes - 2013 - New York: Bloomsbury Academic.
    Winner of the 2014 Edward Goodwin Ballard Award for an Outstanding Book in Phenomenology, awarded by the Center for Advance Research in Phenomenology. -/- Merleau-Ponty and the Paradoxes of Expression offers a comprehensive reading of the philosophical work of Maurice Merleau-Ponty, a central figure in 20th-century continental philosophy. -/- By establishing that the paradoxical logic of expression is Merleau-Ponty's fundamental philosophical gesture, this book ties together his diverse work on perception, language, aesthetics, politics and history in order to establish (...)
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  33.  79
    Paradoxes of validity.Keith Simmons - 2021 - Philosophical Studies 179 (2):383-403.
    Consider the following argument written on the board in room 227: 1 = 1. So, the argument on the board in room 227 is not valid. This argument generates a paradox. The aim of this paper is to present a resolution of this paradox and related paradoxes of validity, including a version of the Curry paradox. The proposal stresses the close connections between these validity paradoxes and paradoxes of truth and paradoxes of denotation. So a more (...)
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  34.  56
    The paradoxes of education for democracy, or the tragic dilemmas of the modern liberal educator.Aharon Aviram - 1986 - Journal of Philosophy of Education 20 (2):187–199.
    Aharon Aviram; The Paradoxes of Education for Democracy, or the Tragic Dilemmas of the Modern Liberal Educator, Journal of Philosophy of Education, Volume 20, I.
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  35. Ten Paradoxes of Technology.Andrew Feenberg - 2010 - Techné: Research in Philosophy and Technology 14 (1):3-15.
    Though we may be competent at using many technologies, most of what we think we know about technology in general is false. Our error stems from the everyday conception of things as separate from each other and from us. In reality technologies belong to an interconnected network the nodes of which cannot exist independently qua technologies. What is more we tend to see technologies as quasi-natural objects, but they are just as much social as natural, just as much determined by (...)
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  36.  83
    Solving Multimodal Paradoxes.Federico Pailos & Lucas Rosenblatt - 2014 - Theoria 81 (3):192-210.
    Recently, it has been observed that the usual type-theoretic restrictions are not enough to block certain paradoxes involving two or more predicates. In particular, when we have a self-referential language containing modal predicates, new paradoxes might appear even if there are type restrictions for the principles governing those predicates. In this article we consider two type-theoretic solutions to multimodal paradoxes. The first one adds types for each of the modal predicates. We argue that there are a number (...)
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  37.  41
    Paradoxes in the Invisibility of Care Work.Sandra Laugier - 2021 - Philosophical Topics 49 (1):61-79.
    My paper focuses on the theme of visibility by teasing out some paradoxes of invisibility. In the ordinary social world, what is said to be invisible is generally what is here, right before our eyes, but to which we pay no attention. Care is invisible because it goes on without us seeing it. By suddenly making visible what is ordinarily invisible, the COVID pandemic has been a strange pedagogical moment, making visible the people who take care of “us”, and (...)
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  38. Why Moral Paradoxes Actually Support Moral Nihilism (and Why That Matters).Lewis Williams - forthcoming - Journal of Philosophy.
    Christopher Cowie argues that moral error theory is uniquely placed to avoid embracing any of the troubling and counter-intuitive horns of moral paradoxes. Contra Cowie, I argue that moral non-cognitivists can also avoid embracing any such troubling and counter-intuitive horns. Rather than supporting moral error theory, I argue that moral paradoxes more precisely support moral nihilism—a first-order view that is consistent with moral error theory and with moral non-cognitivism. Moreover, I argue that reconstructing the argument from moral (...) as an argument for moral nihilism enhances its philosophical significance in two ways. First, the argument from moral paradoxes is the first unified argument in support of moral nihilism. Second, given that the logical space of moral nihilism is greater than the logical space of moral error theory, the threat that the argument from moral paradoxes poses to moral philosophy is more serious than Cowie acknowledges. (shrink)
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  39.  74
    Paradoxes and structural rules from a dialogical perspective.Catarina Dutilh Novaes & Rohan French - 2018 - Philosophical Issues 28 (1):129-158.
    In recent years, substructural approaches to paradoxes have become quite popular. But whatever restrictions on structural rules we may want to enforce, it is highly desirable that such restrictions be accompanied by independent philosophical motivation, not directly related to paradoxes. Indeed, while these recent developments have shed new light on a number of issues pertaining to paradoxes, it seems that we now have even more open questions than before, in particular two very pressing ones: what (independent) motivations (...)
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  40.  64
    Paradoxes of Time Travel.Ryan Wasserman - 2017 - Oxford, United Kingdom: Oxford University Press.
    Ryan Wasserman explores a range of fascinating puzzles raised by the possibility of time travel, with entertaining examples from physics, science fiction, and popular culture, and he draws out their implications for our understanding of time, tense, freedom, fatalism, causation, counterfactuals, laws of nature, persistence, change, and mereology.
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  41.  12
    Circularity: a common secret to paradoxes, scientific revolutions, and humor.Ron Aharoni - 2016 - New Jersey: World Scientific.
    "The book is divided into 8-10 chapters that are each only 2 or 3 pages long... this feels like a nice feature of the book, since you can dip in and just read a short bite before moving on. The author clearly has some interesting ideas and at times I found his writing to be quite engaging." MAA Review "I did enjoy reading (and re-reading) this book very much. Reading it deserves a warm recommendation not only for mathematicians but for (...)
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  42. Paradoxes and Failures of Cut.David Ripley - 2013 - Australasian Journal of Philosophy 91 (1):139 - 164.
    This paper presents and motivates a new philosophical and logical approach to truth and semantic paradox. It begins from an inferentialist, and particularly bilateralist, theory of meaning---one which takes meaning to be constituted by assertibility and deniability conditions---and shows how the usual multiple-conclusion sequent calculus for classical logic can be given an inferentialist motivation, leaving classical model theory as of only derivative importance. The paper then uses this theory of meaning to present and motivate a logical system---ST---that conservatively extends classical (...)
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  43.  90
    (1 other version)Logical paradoxes for many-valued systems.Moh Shaw-Kwei - 1954 - Journal of Symbolic Logic 19 (1):37-40.
  44.  28
    The paradoxes.Noel Balzer - 1992 - Journal of Value Inquiry 26 (2):189-197.
    The paradoxes act as restraints on undisciplined or erroneous reasoning and so perform a valuable role. The fact that they have resisted solution for so long suggests that the current systems of logic are defective. The paradoxes of set theory, in my opinion, completely condemn all the current forms of set theory and their associated definitions of the natural numbers. Nothing short of a complete review of the whole area seems capable of remedying the situation.
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  45. Paradoxes of modernity: culture and conduct in the theory of Max Weber.Wolfgang Schluchter - 1996 - Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press.
    One of the world's pre-eminent Max Weber scholars here presents a comprehensive analysis of Weber's ambiguous stance toward modernity considered from a normative, theoretical, and historical point of view. The book is in two parts. Part I scrutinises Weber's world view. On the basis of his thinking about the meaning and inter-relationships of science, politics, and ethics in the modern era, Weber is seen as the embodiment of a social scientist and political thinker who exposes himself to intellectual risks and (...)
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  46. Black Hole Paradoxes: A Unified Framework for Information Loss.Saakshi Dulani - 2024 - Dissertation, University of Geneva
    The black hole information loss paradox is a catch-all term for a family of puzzles related to black hole evaporation. For almost 50 years, the quest to elucidate the implications of black hole evaporation has not only sustained momentum, but has also become increasingly populated with proposals that seem to generate more questions than they purport to answer. Scholars often neglect to acknowledge ongoing discussions within black hole thermodynamics and statistical mechanics when analyzing the paradox, including the interpretation of Bekenstein-Hawking (...)
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  47.  71
    Ethical theory: 50 puzzles, paradoxes, and thought experiments.Daniel Stroud Munoz & Sarah Stroud - 2025 - New York, NY: Routledge. Edited by Sarah Stroud.
    In this new kind of introduction to ethical theory, Daniel Muñoz and Sarah Stroud present 50 of the field's most exciting puzzles, paradoxes, and thought experiments. Over the course of 11 chapters, the authors cover a huge variety of topics, starting with the classic debate between utilitarians and deontologists and ending on existential questions about the future of humanity. Every chapter begins with a helpful introduction, and each of the 50 entries includes references for further reading and questions for (...)
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  48.  43
    Higher-Order Skolem’s Paradoxes and the Practice of Mathematics: a Note.Mansooreh Kimiagari & Davood Hosseini - 2022 - Disputatio 14 (64):41-49.
    We will formulate some analogous higher-order versions of Skolem’s paradox and assess the generalizability of two solutions for Skolem’s paradox to these paradoxes: the textbook approach and that of Bays (2000). We argue that the textbook approach to handle Skolem’s paradox cannot be generalized to solve the parallel higher-order paradoxes, unless it is augmented by the claim that there is no unique language within which the practice of mathematics can be formalized. Then, we argue that Bays’ solution to (...)
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  49. The Semantic Paradoxes and the Paradoxes of Vagueness.Hartry Field - 2003 - In J. C. Beall, Liars and Heaps: New Essays on Paradox. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press UK. pp. 262-311.
    Both in dealing with the semantic paradoxes and in dealing with vagueness and indeterminacy, there is some temptation to weaken classical logic: in particular, to restrict the law of excluded middle. The reasons for doing this are somewhat different in the two cases. In the case of the semantic paradoxes, a weakening of classical logic (presumably involving a restriction of excluded middle) is required if we are to preserve the naive theory of truth without inconsistency. In the case (...)
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  50.  91
    The paradoxes of deontic logic: the simplest solution to all of them in one fell swoop.Hector-Neri Castañeda - 1981 - In Risto Hilpinen, New Studies in Deontic Logic: Norms, Actions, and the Foundations of Ethics. Dordrecht, Netherland: Wiley-Blackwell. pp. 37--85.
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