Results for 'Peter Downing'

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  1.  62
    Are Causal Laws Purely General?Peter Alexander & Peter Downing - 1970 - Aristotelian Society Supplementary Volume 44 (1):15-50.
    Peter Alexander: It is presumably admitted that laws, whether causal or not, are universal in form; they are appropriately stated in universal categoricals or unrestricted hypotheticals. I assume that this is not at issue in the question set. I take our question to be this: given that causal laws are universal statements, can they be said to be about, to apply to, to hold for, individual things? -/- Peter Downing: Mr. Alexander maintains that there are 'irreducibly singular' (...)
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  2.  3
    Are Causal Laws Purely General?Peter Alexander & Peter Downing - 1970 - Aristotelian Society Supplementary Volume 44 (1):15-50.
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  3.  13
    European and American Philosophers.John Marenbon, Douglas Kellner, Richard D. Parry, Gregory Schufreider, Ralph McInerny, Andrea Nye, R. M. Dancy, Vernon J. Bourke, A. A. Long, James F. Harris, Thomas Oberdan, Paul S. MacDonald, Véronique M. Fóti, F. Rosen, James Dye, Pete A. Y. Gunter, Lisa J. Downing, W. J. Mander, Peter Simons, Maurice Friedman, Robert C. Solomon, Nigel Love, Mary Pickering, Andrew Reck, Simon J. Evnine, Iakovos Vasiliou, John C. Coker, Georges Dicker, James Gouinlock, Paul J. Welty, Gianluigi Oliveri, Jack Zupko, Tom Rockmore, Wayne M. Martin, Ladelle McWhorter, Hans-Johann Glock, Georgia Warnke, John Haldane, Joseph S. Ullian, Steven Rieber, David Ingram, Nick Fotion, George Rainbolt, Thomas Sheehan, Gerald J. Massey, Barbara D. Massey, David E. Cooper, David Gauthier, James M. Humber, J. N. Mohanty, Michael H. Dearmey, Oswald O. Schrag, Ralf Meerbote, George J. Stack, John P. Burgess, Paul Hoyningen-Huene, Nicholas Jolley, Adriaan T. Peperzak, E. J. Lowe, William D. Richardson, Stephen Mulhall & C. - 2017 - In Robert L. Arrington (ed.), A Companion to the Philosophers. Oxford, UK: Blackwell. pp. 109–557.
    Peter Abelard (1079–1142 ce) was the most wide‐ranging philosopher of the twelfth century. He quickly established himself as a leading teacher of logic in and near Paris shortly after 1100. After his affair with Heloise, and his subsequent castration, Abelard became a monk, but he returned to teaching in the Paris schools until 1140, when his work was condemned by a Church Council at Sens. His logical writings were based around discussion of the “Old Logic”: Porphyry's Isagoge, aristotle'S Categories (...)
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  4. Conditionals, impossibilities and material implications.Peter Downing - 1975 - Analysis 35 (3):84.
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  5.  9
    Entailment.Peter Downing - 1966 - Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society 66:15 - 26.
    Peter Downing; V—Entailment, Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society, Volume 66, Issue 1, 1 June 1966, Pages 15–26, https://doi.org/10.1093/aristotelian/66.1.15.
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  6.  10
    V—Entailment.Peter Downing - 1966 - Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society 66 (1):15-26.
    Peter Downing; V—Entailment, Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society, Volume 66, Issue 1, 1 June 1966, Pages 15–26, https://doi.org/10.1093/aristotelian/66.1.15.
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  7.  86
    Conditionals, Impossibilities and Material Implications.Peter Downing - 1975 - Analysis 35 (3):84 - 91.
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  8. Positive and Negative Terms.Peter Downing - 1969 - Analysis 29 (4):131 - 135.
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  9.  32
    Positive and Negative Terms, Again.Peter Downing - 1970 - Analysis 30 (5):173 - 176.
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  10. Positive and neative terms.Peter Downing - 1969 - Analysis 29 (4):131-135.
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  11.  1
    Positive and negative terms--again.Peter Downing - 1970 - Analysis 30 (5):173-176.
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  12. Acknowledgment of outside reviewers for 1995.Margaret Andersen, Brian M. Downing, Steven Epstein, K. Peter Etzkorn, Andrew Feenberg, John Foran, Roger Friedland, Nehemia Geva, Bob Holton & Richard Lachmann - 1996 - Theory and Society 25:155.
  13. Comedy. Taking the ladder down : Hegel on comedy and religious experience.Peter Wake - 2021 - In Mark Alznauer (ed.), Hegel on tragedy and comedy: new essays. Albany: State University of New York Press.
  14.  67
    Central banking and inequalities: Taking off the blinders.Peter Dietsch, François Claveau & Clément Fontan - 2016 - Politics, Philosophy and Economics 15 (4):319-357.
    What is the relation between monetary policy and inequalities in income and wealth? This question has received insufficient attention, especially in light of the unconventional policies introduced since the 2008 financial crisis. The article analyzes three ways in which the concern central banks show for inequalities in their official statements remains incomplete and underdeveloped. First, central banks tend to care about inequality for instrumental reasons only. When they do assign intrinsic value to containing inequalities, they shy away from trade-offs with (...)
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  15. Peter R. Anstey: The Philosophy of Robert Boyle.L. Downing - 2003 - British Journal for the History of Philosophy 11 (2):342-344.
     
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  16. The Behavioral Biology of Teams: Multidisciplinary Contributions to Social Dynamics in Isolated, Confined, and Extreme Environments.Lauren Blackwell Landon, Grace L. Douglas, Meghan E. Downs, Maya R. Greene, Alexandra M. Whitmire, Sara R. Zwart & Peter G. Roma - 2019 - Frontiers in Psychology 10.
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  17.  58
    A quantum logic of down below.Peter D. Bruza, Dominic Widdows & John Woods - unknown
    This chapter is offered as a contribution to the logic of down below. We attempt to demonstrate that the nature of human agency necessitates that there actually be such a logic. The ensuing sections develop the suggestion that cognition down below has a structure strikingly similar to the physical structure of quantum states. In its general form, this is not an idea that originates with the present authors. It is known that there exist mathematical models from the cognitive science of (...)
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  18.  30
    Philosophy and Jurisprudence in the Islamic World.Peter Adamson (ed.) - 2019 - Boston: De Gruyter.
    This book brings together the study of two great disciplines of the Islamic world: law and philosophy. In both sunni and shiite Islam, it became the norm for scholars to acquire a high level of expertise in the legal tradition. Thus some of the greatest names in the history of Aristotelianism were trained jurists, like Averroes, or commented on the status and nature of law, like al-Fārābī. While such authors sought to put law in its place relative to the philosophical (...)
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  19. Down on the factory farm.Peter Singer - 1989 - In Tom Regan & Peter Singer (eds.), Animal Rights and Human Obligations. pp. 159--168.
     
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  20. Please Scroll Down for Article.Peter Machamer - unknown
    This article may be used for research, teaching and private study purposes. Any substantial or systematic reproduction, re-distribution, re-selling, loan or sub-licensing, systematic supply or distribution in any form to anyone is expressly forbidden.
     
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  21. Evolutionary psychology, adaptation and design.Stephen M. Downes - 2015 - In Thomas Heams, Philippe Huneman, Guillaume Lecointre & Marc Silberstein (eds.), Handbook of Evolutionary Thinking in the Sciences. Springer. pp. 659-673.
    I argue that Evolutionary Psychologists’ notion of adaptationism is closest to what Peter Godfrey-Smith (2001) calls explanatory adaptationism and as a result, is not a good organizing principle for research in the biology of human behavior. I also argue that adopting an alternate notion of adaptationism presents much more explanatory resources to the biology of human behavior. I proceed by introducing Evolutionary Psychology and giving some examples of alternative approaches to the biological explanation of human behavior. Next I characterize (...)
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  22.  20
    A Nice Knock-Down Argument.Peter Williams - 1995 - Philosophy Now 13:46-47.
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  23.  37
    Internal context and top-down processing.Peter König, Carl Chiang & Astrid von Stein - 1997 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 20 (4):691-692.
    Recent experimental work suggests that the concept of contextual fields should be generalized to allow the modulation of local information extraction by both external and internal context. The external context relates to the coherent information of the stimulus; the internal context refers to the parts of this information which are relevant for behavior. This dual interaction, present at every level of the hierarchy, requires a fundamental unit of processing more complex than a single neuron appears today. We argue that the (...)
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  24.  73
    Originalism All the Way Down. Or: The Explosion of Progressivism.Peter Martin Jaworski - 2013 - Canadian Journal of Law and Jurisprudence 26 (2):313-340.
    It is often said that the Constitution does not interpret itself, that we are in need of a theory of interpretation for constitutions. This need has led to a flourishing literature on constitutional interpretation. Statutes, also, stand in need of a theory of interpretation, and that obvious need has led to a robust literature on that subject. What is said too infrequently is that Supreme Court rulings do not interpret themselves, that we are in need of a theory of interpretation (...)
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  25. Philosophy Upside Down?Peter Baumann - 2013 - Metaphilosophy 44 (5):579-588.
    Philip Kitcher recently argued for a reconstruction in philosophy. According to him, the contemporary mainstream of philosophy has deteriorated into something that is of relevance only to a few specialists who communicate with each other in a language nobody else understands. Kitcher proposes to reconstruct philosophy along two axes: a knowledge axis and a value axis. The present article discusses Kitcher's diagnosis as well as his proposal of a therapy. It argues that there are problems with both, and it ends (...)
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  26.  30
    Bringing the State Back In. Peter Evans.Brian M. Downing - 1987 - Ethics 97 (3):658-659.
  27.  11
    Revisiting the DARPA communicator data using conversation analysis.Peter Wallis - 2008 - Interaction Studies. Social Behaviour and Communication in Biological and Artificial Systemsinteraction Studies / Social Behaviour and Communication in Biological and Artificial Systemsinteraction Studies 9 (3):434-457.
    The state of the art in human computer conversation leaves something to be desired and, indeed, talking to a computer can be down-right annoying. This paper describes an approach to identifying “opportunities for improvement” in these systems by looking for abuse in the form of swear words. The premise is that humans swear at computers as a sanction and, as such, swear words represent a point of failure where the system did not behave as it should. Having identified where things (...)
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  28.  32
    The Experience of Freedom at the Limits of Reflection in Merleau-Ponty’s Phenomenology.Peter Warnek - 2013 - Chiasmi International 15:411-429.
    The paper revisits the discussion of freedom in the Phenomenology of Perception and considers how according to Merleau-Ponty a phenomenology of freedom must challenge the tradition that attempts to account for experience and appearance through the filter of reflective consciousness. The paper begins by posing this problem in broad historical terms, as a distinctly modern predicament, and briefly considers Schelling’s philosophical engagement with negative philosophy as a provocation and historical precedent for reading the phenomenological work of Merleau-Ponty. It is noted (...)
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  29. When cycling goes up, reliability comes down.Peter S. Jackson - 2005 - In Alan F. Blackwell & David MacKay (eds.), Power. Cambridge University Press. pp. 149--3.
     
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  30. The market, competition, and equality.Peter Dietsch - 2010 - Politics, Philosophy and Economics 9 (2):213-244.
    How much inequality does market interaction generate? The answer to this question partly depends on the level of competition among economic agents. Yet, in their normative analysis of the market, theories of distributive justice focus on individual characteristics such as talents as determinants of income, and tend to ignore structural features such as competition. Economists, on the other hand, dispose of the conceptual tools to assess the distributive impact of competition, but their analysis is usually limited to allocative efficiency. Part (...)
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  31.  12
    Stepping down from mere appearance: Modelling the 'actuality' of time.Sally Shrapnel, Peter W. Evans & Gerard J. Milburn - unknown
    In her paper, 'The Open Universe: Totality, Self-reference and Time', Ismael argues that the agent experience of dynamic time, in which the world comes into being, is more than 'mere appearance'. The key to her argument is that the actual world includes agents (minds) and their corresponding agential (mental) activity, which Ismael describes as 'the crucial step down from 'mere appearance' to actuality'. We present here a model of an agent as a complex physical system with a view to providing (...)
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  32.  7
    The Political Philosophy of the British Idealists: Selected Studies.Peter P. Nicholson - 1990 - New York: Cambridge University Press.
    This book offers a reassessment of the political philosophy of the British Idealists, a group of once influential and now neglected nineteenth-century Hegelian philosophers, whose work has been much misunderstood. Peter Nicholson focuses on F. H. Bradley's idea of morality and moral philosophy; T. H. Green's theory of the Common Good, of the social nature of rights, of freedom, and of state interference; and Bernard Bosanquet's notorious theory of the General Will. By examining the arguments offered by the Idealists (...)
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  33.  26
    Pre-Cueing Effects: Attention or Mental Imagery?Peter Fazekas & Bence Nanay - 2017 - Frontiers in Psychology 8.
    We argue that pre-cueing studies show that perception is cognitively penetrated via mental imagery. It is important to be clear about the relation between attention and mental imagery here. We do not want to question the role of attention in pre-cueing studies. After all, it is attention that is being pre-cued. The pre-cue draws attention to certain features, which via top-down connections induces mental imagery for the pre-cued properties, which, then, after stimulus-presentation, interacts with and influences the online computations that (...)
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  34.  24
    Animals: A History (Oxford Philosophical Concepts).Peter Adamson & G. Fay Edwards (eds.) - 2018 - New York: Oxford University Press.
    This volume traces the history of animals in philosophy, from antiquity down to contemporary times. Negative attitudes towards animals, as found in Aristotle and Descartes, turn out to be more nuanced than usually supposed, while remarkable discussions of animal welfare appear in late antiquity, India, the Islamic world, and Kant.
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  35.  21
    Playing God?: Genetic Determinism and Human Freedom.Ted Peters - 1997 - Psychology Press.
    In this book, Ted Peters explores the fallacies of the "gene myth" and presents a resounding array of arguments against this kind of all-encompassing genetic determinism. On the scientific side, he correctly points out that genetic influences on behavior are in most instances relatively modest. Does anyone deny that identical twins are still able to practice individual free will? After dispatching some of the sweepingly deterministic conclusions of the "science" of evolutionary psychology with a particularly effective set of rebuttals, Peters (...)
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  36.  21
    Reasonableness and Effectiveness in Argumentative Discourse: Fifty Contributions to the Development of Pragma-Dialectics.Peter Houtlosser, Frans van Eemeren & Frans H. van Eemeren (eds.) - 2015 - Cham, Switzerland: Springer Verlag.
    The study of argumentation is prospering. After its brilliant start in Antiquity, highlighted in the classical works of Aristotle, after an alternation of ups and downs during the following millennia, in the post-Renaissance period its gradual decline set in. Revitalization took place only after Toulmin and Perelman published in the same year their landmark works The Uses of Argument and La nouvelle rhétorique. The model of argumentation presented by Toulmin and Perelman’s inventory of argumentation techniques inspired a great many scholars (...)
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  37.  15
    Speaking Into the Air: A History of the Idea of Communication.John Durham Peters - 1999 - University of Chicago Press.
    Communication plays a vital and unique role in society-often blamed for problems when it breaks down and at the same time heralded as a panacea for human relations. A sweeping history of communication, _Speaking Into the Air_ illuminates our expectations of communication as both historically specific and a fundamental knot in Western thought. "This is a most interesting and thought-provoking book.... Peters maintains that communication is ultimately unthinkable apart from the task of establishing a kingdom in which people can live (...)
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  38.  20
    Speaking Into the Air: A History of the Idea of Communication.John Durham Peters - 1999 - University of Chicago Press.
    Communication plays a vital and unique role in society-often blamed for problems when it breaks down and at the same time heralded as a panacea for human relations. A sweeping history of communication, _Speaking Into the Air_ illuminates our expectations of communication as both historically specific and a fundamental knot in Western thought. "This is a most interesting and thought-provoking book.... Peters maintains that communication is ultimately unthinkable apart from the task of establishing a kingdom in which people can live (...)
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  39.  54
    The political philosophy of the British idealists: selected studies.Peter P. Nicholson - 1990 - New York: Cambridge University Press.
    This book offers a reassessment of the political philosophy of the British Idealists, a group of once influential and now neglected nineteenth-century Hegelian philosophers, whose work has been much misunderstood. Peter Nicholson focuses on F. H. Bradley's idea of morality and moral philosophy; T. H. Green's theory of the Common Good, of the social nature of rights, of freedom, and of state interference; and Bernard Bosanquet's notorious theory of the General Will. By examining the arguments offered by the Idealists (...)
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  40.  95
    Truth in Fiction: A Reexamination of Audiences.Peter J. Rabinowitz - 1977 - Critical Inquiry 4 (1):121-141.
    Questions about the status of literary truth are as old as literary criticism, but they have become both more intricate and more compelling as literature has grown progressively more self-conscious and labyrinthian in its dealings with "reality." One might perhaps read The Iliad or even David Copperfield without raising such issues. But authors like Gide , Nabokov, Borges, and Robbe-Grillet seem continually to remind their readers of the complex nature of literary truth. How, for instance, are we to deal with (...)
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  41. Hume’s Determinism.Peter Millican - 2010 - Canadian Journal of Philosophy 40 (4):611-642.
    David Hume has traditionally been assumed to be a soft determinist or compatibilist, at least in the ‘reconciling project’ that he presents in Section 8 of the first Enquiry, entitled ‘Of liberty and necessity.’ Indeed, in encyclopedias and textbooks of Philosophy he is standardly taken to be one of the paradigm compatibilists, rivalled in significance only by Hobbes within the tradition passed down through Locke, Mill, Schlick and Ayer to recent writers such as Dennett and Frankfurt. Many Hume scholars also (...)
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  42.  18
    Is Down Syndrome A Modern Disease?E. Peter Volpe - 1986 - Perspectives in Biology and Medicine 29 (3-1):423-436.
  43.  4
    Health: A History.Peter Adamson (ed.) - 2018 - New York: Oup Usa.
    This book brings together contributions by historians of philosophy and medicine to trace the concept of health from ancient Greece and China, through the Islamic world, down to modern thinkers like Descartes and Freud. Major themes include the parallel between mental and physical health and the difficulty of defining health.
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  44.  5
    The Necessity and Goodness of Animals in Sijistānī’s Kashf Al-Maḥjūb.Peter Adamson & Hanif Amin Beidokhti - 2024 - Philosophies 9 (3):72.
    The Neoplatonic notion of “emanation” implies a required progression through hierarchical stages, originating from the highest principle (the One or God) and cascading down through a series of principles. While this process is deemed necessary, it is also inherently good, even “choiceworthy”, aligning with the identification of the first principle with the Good. Plotinus, a prominent Neoplatonist, emphasizes the beauty and goodness of the sensible world, governed by divine providence. This perspective, transmitted through Arabic adaptations of Plotinus, influences Islamic philosophers (...)
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  45.  49
    Let Us Not Forget: Crypto Means Secret. Cryptocurrencies as Enabler of Unethical and Illegal Business and the Question of Regulation.Peter Seele - 2018 - Humanistic Management Journal 3 (1):133-139.
    In the following, I concentrate on the nefarious, harmful and unethical dimensions emerging only slowly as the rather new phenomenon of cryptocurrencies and blockchain at large become visible only gradually. For the positive and pro-social use of cryptocurrencies please refer to the article of Claus Dierksmeier in this issue of HMJ. As there are many different dimensions still unknown, I concentrate on the ethical issues emerging from the secretive nature of cryptocurrencies, less on the environmental carbon footprint or economic implications (...)
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  46.  78
    Why Do We Disagree about our Obligations to the Poor?Peter Seipel - 2019 - Ethical Theory and Moral Practice 22 (1):121-136.
    People disagree about whether individuals in rich countries like the United States have an obligation to aid the world’s poorest people. A tempting thought is that this disagreement comes down to a non-moral matter. I argue that we should be suspicious of this view. Drawing on psychological evidence, I show that we should be more pessimistic about our ability to attribute the disagreement to a difference in factual beliefs.
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  47.  24
    On the role of expectation in visual perception: A top-down view of early visual cortex.Kok Peter & De Lange Floris - 2015 - Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 9.
  48.  69
    On unidirectionality in precisification.Peter Klecha - 2018 - Linguistics and Philosophy 41 (1):87-124.
    This paper provides a formal pragmatic analysis of precision which accounts for its essential properties, but also for Lewis’s :339–359, 1979) observation of asymmetry in how standards of precision may shift due to normal discourse moves: Only up, not down. I propose that shifts of the kind observed and discussed by Lewis are in fact cases of underlying disagreement about the standard of precision, which is only revealed when one interlocutor uses an expression which signals their adherence to a higher (...)
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  49.  83
    Ancient philosophy, mystery, and magic: Empedocles and Pythagorean tradition.Peter Kingsley - 1995 - New York: Oxford University Press.
    This is the first book to analyze systematically crucial aspects of ancient Greek philosophy in their original context of mystery, religion, and magic. The author brings to light recently uncovered evidence about ancient Pythagoreanism and its influence on Plato, and reconstructs the fascinating esoteric transmission of Pythagorean ideas from the Greek West down to the alchemists and magicians of Egypt, and from there into the world of Islam.
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  50.  5
    Anarchism and Authenticity, or Why SAMCRO Shouldn't Fight History.Peter S. Fosl - 2013-09-05 - In George A. Dunn & Jason T. Eberl (eds.), Sons of Anarchy and Philosophy. Wiley. pp. 201–213.
    We can think of the club not as a small business, but as a would‐be “anarchist‐syndicalist commune.” Anarcho‐syndicalism is a kind of anarchism based in labor unions, where workers take control of the economy not through a top‐down government bureaucracy but through revolutionary labor associations called “syndicates. The club resembles just such a syndicate: it's hierarchical, but, unlike capitalist enterprises, it is a democratically governed hierarchy. The state is essentially an instrument of class struggle and will gradually “wither away,” as (...)
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