Results for 'Jeff Levin'

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  1.  8
    'Telling it like it was': History and the ideal chronicle.Michael Levine & Jeff Malpas - 1994 - Australasian Journal of Philosophy 72 (2):151 – 172.
  2.  2
    Revisiting the Alexander UFO Religious Crisis Survey (AUFORCS): Is There Really a Crisis?Jeff Levin - 2012 - Journal of Scientific Exploration 26 (2).
    This paper explores the tacit presumption that U.S. government disclosure of information regarding prior contact with extraterrestrials would precipitate a religious crisis (presuming that there is information to disclose). This issue has remained controversial since the earliest ufological writing, both government and academic, yet only minimal empirical evidence has been forthcoming. The present analysis is based on data collected as a part of the Alexander UFO Religious Crisis Survey (AUFORCS), a private study of Protestant, Roman Catholic, and Jewish clergy (N (...)
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  3.  60
    Alex Broadbent: Philosophy of Epidemiology: Palgrave Macmillan, New York, 2013, 228 pp., $85.00 , ISBN 978-0-230-35512-5.Jeff Levin - 2014 - Theoretical Medicine and Bioethics 35 (4):311-314.
    Alex Broadbent’s Philosophy of Epidemiology is the latest volume in Palgrave Macmillan’s New Directions in the Philosophy of Science series. Other monographs in the series focus on mathematics, biology, astronomy, et al.—the usual topics of discourse when philosophers engage science. The present volume is a welcome addition not just to the series but also for the field of epidemiology. As Broadbent notes, “Although a few philosophers have studied epidemiology, there have been no philosophical studies of epidemiology” . There is one (...)
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  4.  21
    Human Flourishing and Population Health: Meaning, Measurement, and Implications.Jeff Levin - 2020 - Perspectives in Biology and Medicine 63 (3):401-419.
    In recent decades, social and behavioral scientists have begun to explore how and why human beings thrive or flourish and to consider whether traits indicative of thriving or flourishing may themselves influence physical well-being. This stands in contrast to the historical tendency in these fields to focus on pathology: mental illness, psychological dysfunction, deviant behavior, social problems, and so on. In epidemiology, too, the influence of pathology is seen in a tacit emphasis on risk factors for disease outcomes and for (...)
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  5. Integrating positive psychology into epidemiologic theory: Reflections on love, salutogenesis, and determinants of population health.Jeff Levin - 2007 - In Stephen Garrard Post (ed.), Altruism and Health: Perspectives From Empirical Research. Oup Usa. pp. 189--218.
     
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  6.  8
    New-Paradigm Research in Medicine: An Agenda.Jeff Levin - 2017 - Journal of Scientific Exploration 31 (1).
    Critics of Western medicine have long heralded a “new paradigm” opposed to the reigning materialistic worldview of biomedical science and allopathy. This new paradigm has undergone several name changes (e.g., holistic, alternative, complementary, integrative) and presumably advances a radically new worldview. On closer inspection, it looks more like the opposite pole of the same dualistic worldview and not a radical break with the past. A truly new paradigm prepared to jettison tacit conceptual assumptions would have significant implications for medical research, (...)
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  7.  14
    The discourse on faith and medicine: a tale of two literatures.Jeff Levin - 2018 - Theoretical Medicine and Bioethics 39 (4):265-282.
    Research and writing at the intersection of faith and medicine by now include thousands of published studies, review articles, books, chapters, and essays. Yet this emerging field has been described, from within, as disheveled on account of imprecision and lack of careful attention to conceptual and theoretical concerns. An important source of confusion is the fact that scholarship in this field constitutes two distinct literatures, or rather meta-literatures, which can be termed faith as a problematic for medicine and medicine as (...)
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  8.  16
    Playing God in the Nursery. [REVIEW]Albert Howard Carter, Howard Levine, B. D. Colen, Sallie Tisdale & Jeff Lyon - 1987 - Hastings Center Report 17 (2):43.
    Book reviewed in this article: Life Choices: Confronting the Life and Death Decisions Created by Modern Medicine. By Howard Levine. Hard Choices: Mixed Blessings of Modern Medical Technology. By B. D. Colen. The Sorcerer's Apprentice: Inside the Modem Hospital. By Sallie Tisdale. Playing God in the Nursery. By Jeff Lyon.
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  9. Human Dignity and the Future of Health Care.Elias Bongmba, Toyin Falola, Paul Griffiths, Jeff Levin, Gilbert Meilaender, Margaret Somerville, Daniel Sulmasy, John Swinton & S. Kay Toombs - forthcoming - Bioethics.
     
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  10.  15
    What point-of-use water treatment products do consumers use? Evidence from a randomized controlled trial among the urban poor in Bangladesh.Jill Luoto, Nusrat Najnin, Minhaj Mahmud, Jeff Albert, M. Sirajul Islam, Stephen Luby, Leanne Unicomb & David I. Levine - unknown
    Background: There is evidence that household point-of-use water treatment products can reduce the enormous burden of water-borne illness. Nevertheless, adoption among the global poor is very low, and little evidence exists on why. Methods: We gave 600 households in poor communities in Dhaka, Bangladesh randomly-ordered two-month free trials of four water treatment products: dilute liquid chlorine, sodium dichloroisocyanurate tablets, a combined flocculant-disinfectant powdered mixture, and a silver-coated ceramic siphon filter. Consumers also received education on the dangers of untreated drinking water. (...)
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  11.  33
    Jeff Speaks: The Phenomenal and the Representational.Janet Levin - 2017 - Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 95 (2):478-484.
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  12.  56
    Reply to Critics.Jeff Speaks - 2017 - Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 95 (2):492-506.
    Replies to critics (Janet Levin, Casey O'Callaghan, and Adam Pautz) for a book symposium on _The Phenomenal and the Representational_.
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  13.  34
    Précis of The Phenomenal and the Representational.Jeff Speaks - 2017 - Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 95 (2):465-469.
    Summary of the main claims of _The Phenomenal and the Representational_ for a book symposium in PPR. The critics were Janet Levin, Adam Pautz, and Casey O'Callaghan.
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  14. 680 ACKNOWLEDGMENT King, Jeff Klein, Elaine Kobes, Bernie.Angelika Kratzer, Manfred Krifka, Bill Ladusaw, Shalom Lappin, Young-Suk Lee, Harold Levin, Godehard Link, Jan Tore LCnning, Peter Ludlow & Bill Lycan - 1995 - Linguistics and Philosophy 17:679-680.
     
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  15.  17
    Religion and Medicine: A History of the Encounter between Humanity’s Two Greatest Institutions by Jeff Levin.Dina Nasri Siniora - 2022 - The National Catholic Bioethics Quarterly 22 (2):401-403.
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  16. Truth, Topicality, and Transparency: One-Component Versus Two-Component Semantics.Peter Hawke, Levin Hornischer & Franz Berto - forthcoming - Linguistics and Philosophy:1-23.
    When do two sentences say the same thing, that is, express the same content? We defend two-component (2C) semantics: the view that propositional contents comprise (at least) two irreducibly distinct constituents, (1) truth-conditions, and (2) subject-matter. We contrast 2C with one-component (1C) semantics, focusing on the view that subject-matter is reducible to truth- conditions. We identify exponents of this view and argue in favor of 2C. An appendix proposes a general formal template for propositional 2C semantics.
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  17. Necessary Conditions for Morally Responsible Animal Research.David Degrazia & Jeff Sebo - 2015 - Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 24 (4):420-430.
    In this paper, we present three necessary conditions for morally responsible animal research that we believe people on both sides of this debate can accept. Specifically, we argue that, even if human beings have higher moral status than nonhuman animals, animal research is morally permissible only if it satisfies (a) an expectation of sufficient net benefit, (b) a worthwhile-life condition, and (c) a no unnecessary-harm/qualified-basic-needs condition. We then claim that, whether or not these necessary conditions are jointly sufficient conditions of (...)
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  18. Philosophy of mind in the phenomenological tradition.Philip J. Walsh & Jeff Yoshimi - forthcoming - In Amy Kind (ed.), Philosophy of Mind in the Twentieth and Twenty-First Centuries: The History of the Philosophy of Mind, Volume 6. Routledge.
     
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  19.  32
    Functionalism.Janet Levin - 2008 - Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy.
    Functionalism in the philosophy of mind is the doctrine that what makes something a mental state of a particular type does not depend on its internal constitution, but rather on the way it functions, or the role it plays, in the system of which it is a part. This doctrine is rooted in Aristotle's conception of the soul, and has antecedents in Hobbes's conception of the mind as a “calculating machine”, but it has become fully articulated (and popularly endorsed) only (...)
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  20. Agency and Moral Status.Jeff Sebo - 2017 - Journal of Moral Philosophy 14 (1):1-22.
    According to our traditional conception of agency, most human beings are agents and most, if not all, nonhuman animals are not. However, recent developments in philosophy and psychology have made it clear that we need more than one conception of agency, since human and nonhuman animals are capable of thinking and acting in more than one kind of way. In this paper, I make a distinction between perceptual and propositional agency, and I argue that many nonhuman animals are perceptual agents (...)
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  21.  62
    On Having No Head: Cognition throughout Biological Systems.František Baluška & Michael Levin - 2016 - Frontiers in Psychology 7.
  22.  7
    The black circle: a life of Alexandre Kojève.Jeff Love - 2018 - New York: Columbia University Press.
    A Russian in Paris -- Russian contexts -- Madmen -- The possessed -- Godmen -- The Hegel lectures -- The last revolution -- Time no more -- The book of the dead -- The later writings -- Nobodies -- Roads or ruins? -- Why finality? -- The grand inquisitor.
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  23. The Moral Problem of Other Minds.Jeff Sebo - 2018 - The Harvard Review of Philosophy 25:51-70.
    In this paper I ask how we should treat other beings in cases of uncertainty about sentience. I evaluate three options: an incautionary principle that permits us to treat other beings as non-sentient, a precautionary principle that requires us to treat other beings as sentient, and an expected value principle that requires us to multiply our subjective probability that other beings are sentient by the amount of moral value they would have if they were. I then draw three conclusions. First, (...)
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  24. Punishment sustains large-scale cooperation in prestate warfare.Robert Boyd & Simon A. Levin - unknown
    Understanding cooperation and punishment in small-scale societies is crucial for explaining the origins of human cooperation. We studied warfare among the Turkana, a politically uncentralized, egalitarian, nomadic pastoral society in East Africa. Based on a representative sample of 88 recent raids, we show that the Turkana sustain costly cooperation in combat at a remarkably large scale, at least in part, through punishment of free-riders. Raiding parties comprised several hundred warriors and participants are not kin or day-to-day interactants. Warriors incur substantial (...)
     
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  25.  7
    The Opportunity Gap: Achievement and Inequality in Education.Carol DeShano da Silva, James Philip Huguley, Zenub Kakli & Radhika Rao (eds.) - 2007 - Harvard Educational Review.
    _The Opportunity Gap_ aims to shift attention from the current overwhelming emphasis on schools in discussions of the achievement gap to more fundamental questions about social and educational opportunity. The achievement gap looms large in the current era of high-stakes testing and accountability. Yet questions persist: Has the accountability movement—and attendant discussions on the achievement gap—focused attention on the true sources of educational failure in American schools? Do we need to look beyond classrooms and schools for credible accounts of disparities (...)
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  26.  19
    Assertion, practical reason, and pragmatic theories of knowledge.Janet Levin - 2008 - Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 76 (2):359–384.
    Defenders of pragmatic theories of knowledge (such as contextualism and sensitive invariantism) argue that these theories, unlike those that invoke a single standard for knowledge, comport with the intuitively compelling thesis that knowledge is the norm of assertion and practical reason. In this paper, I dispute this thesis, and argue that, therefore, the prospects for both “high standard” approach, and contend that if one abandons the thesis that knowledge is the norm of assertion and practical reason, the most serious arguments (...)
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  27.  15
    Is the Generality Problem too General?Michael Levin - 2002 - Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 65 (1):87-97.
    Reliabilism holds that knowledge is true belief reliably caused. Reliabilists should say something about individuating processes; critics deny that the right degree of generality can be specified without arbitrariness. It is argued that this criticism applies as well to processes mentioned in scientific explanations. The gratuitous puzzles created thereby show that the “generality problem” is illusory.
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  28. Introduction to Ethics: An Open Educational Resource, collected and edited by Noah Levin.Noah Levin, Nathan Nobis, David Svolba, Brandon Wooldridge, Kristina Grob, Eduardo Salazar, Benjamin Davies, Jonathan Spelman, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Kristin Seemuth Whaley, Jan F. Jacko & Prabhpal Singh (eds.) - 2019 - Huntington Beach, California: N.G.E Far Press.
    Collected and edited by Noah Levin -/- Table of Contents: -/- UNIT ONE: INTRODUCTION TO CONTEMPORARY ETHICS: TECHNOLOGY, AFFIRMATIVE ACTION, AND IMMIGRATION 1 The “Trolley Problem” and Self-Driving Cars: Your Car’s Moral Settings (Noah Levin) 2 What is Ethics and What Makes Something a Problem for Morality? (David Svolba) 3 Letter from the Birmingham City Jail (Martin Luther King, Jr) 4 A Defense of Affirmative Action (Noah Levin) 5 The Moral Issues of Immigration (B.M. Wooldridge) 6 The (...)
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  29.  3
    The Race Concept: A Defense.Michael Levin - 2002 - Behavior and Philosophy 30:21 - 42.
    It is argued against critics that the concept of race is well-formed. The issue is formulated in terms of the classic sense/reference distinction and shown that "race" has a sense specified in terms of geographic ancestry, and thereby a reference. Excessive constraints on "race," for instance that races must by definition have signature genes, are rejected. Empirical validation is considered, although the emphasis here is to place empirical validation in a philosophical context, not answer the empirical questions themselves. At several (...)
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  30.  66
    Kantianism for humans, utilitarianism for nonhumans? Yes and no.Jeff Sebo - 2022 - Philosophical Studies 180 (4):1211-1230.
    Should we accept that different moral norms govern our treatment of human and nonhuman animals? In this paper I suggest that the answer is both yes and no. At the theoretical level of morality, a single, unified set of norms governs our treatment of all sentient beings. But at the practical level of morality, different sets of norms can govern our treatment of different groups in different contexts. And whether we accept that we should, say, respect rights or maximize utility (...)
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  31. Objective Styles in Northern Field Science.Jeff Kochan - 2015 - Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part A 52:1-12.
    Social studies of science have often treated natural field sites as extensions of the laboratory. But this overlooks the unique specificities of field sites. While lab sites are usually private spaces with carefully controlled borders, field sites are more typically public spaces with fluid boundaries and diverse inhabitants. Field scientists must therefore often adapt their work to the demands and interests of local agents. I propose to address the difference between lab and field in sociological terms, as a difference in (...)
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  32.  52
    The Rebugnant Conclusion: Utilitarianism, Insects, Microbes, and AI Systems.Jeff Sebo - 2023 - Ethics, Policy and Environment 26 (2):249-264.
    This paper considers questions that small animals and AI systems raise for utilitarianism. Specifically, if these beings have more welfare than humans and other large animals, then utilitarianism implies that we should prioritize them, all else equal. This could lead to a ‘rebugnant conclusion’, according to which we should, say, create large populations of small animals rather than small populations of large animals. It could also lead to a ‘Pascal’s bugging’, according to which we should, say, prioritize large populations of (...)
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  33.  4
    Aristotle's Theory of Metaphor.Samuel R. Levin - 1982 - Philosophy and Rhetoric 15 (1):24 - 46.
  34. Unseen and unaware: Implications of recent research on failures of visual awareness for human-computer interface design.D. Alexander Varakin, Daniel T. Levin & Roger Fidler - 2004 - Human-Computer Interaction 19 (4):389-422.
     
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  35.  9
    Responses to race differences in crime.Michael Levin - 1992 - Journal of Social Philosophy 23 (1):5-29.
  36.  35
    Pronunciation and apparent frequency in a between-subjects design.Larry Wilder, Joel R. Levin, Elizabeth S. Ghatala & Sandra McNabb - 1974 - Journal of Experimental Psychology 102 (2):321.
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  37.  29
    Taking type-b materialism seriously.Janet Levin - 2008 - Mind and Language 23 (4):402-425.
    Abstract: Type-B materialism is the thesis that though phenomenal states are necessarily identical with physical states, phenomenal concepts have no a priori connections to physical or functional concepts. Though type-B materialists have invoked this conceptual independence to counter a number of well-known arguments against physicalism (e.g. the conceivability of zombies, the ignorance of Mary, the existence of an 'explanatory gap'), anti-physicalists have raised objections to this strategy. My aim here is to defend type-B materialism against these objections, by arguing that (...)
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  38.  17
    Human, Nonhuman, and Chimeric Research: Considering Old Issues with New Research.Jeff Sebo & Brendan Parent - 2022 - Hastings Center Report 52 (S2):29-33.
    Human-nonhuman chimeric research—research on nonhuman animals who contain human cells—is being used to understand human disease and development and to create potential human treatments such as transplantable organs. A proposed advantage of chimeric models is that they can approximate human biology and therefore allow scientists to learn about and improve human health without risking harms to humans. Among the emerging ethical issues being explored is the question of at what point chimeras are “human enough” to have human rights and thus (...)
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  39.  65
    Can Knowledge Itself Justify Harmful Research?Jeff Sebo & David Degrazia - 2020 - Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 29 (2):302-307.
    In our paper, we argue for three necessary conditions for morally permissible animal research: (1) an assertion (or expectation) of sufficient net benefit, (2) a worthwhile-life condition, and (3) a no-unnecessary-harm/qualified-basic-needs condition. We argue that these conditions are necessary, without taking a position on whether they are jointly sufficient. In their excellent commentary on our paper, Matthias Eggel, Carolyn Neuhaus, and Herwig Grimm (hereafter, the authors) argue for a friendly amendment to one of our three conditions. In particular, they argue (...)
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  40.  11
    Integrating Human and Nonhuman Research Ethics.Jeff Sebo - 2023 - In Erick Valdés & Juan Alberto Lecaros (eds.), Handbook of Bioethical Decisions. Volume I: Decisions at the Bench. Springer Verlag. pp. 685-701.
    I argue for developing a unified moral framework for assessing human and nonhuman subjects research. At present, our standards for human subjects research involve treating humans with respect, compassion, and justice, whereas our ethical standards for nonhuman subjects research merely involve (half-heartedly) aspiring to replace, reduce, and confine our use of nonhuman animals. This creates an unacceptable double standard and leads to pseudo-problems, for example regarding how to treat human-nonhuman chimeras. I discuss general features that a more integrated moral framework (...)
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  41.  6
    Choosing from competing theories in computerised learning.Abraham Meidan & Boris Levin - 2002 - Minds and Machines 12 (1):119-129.
    In this paper we refer to a machine learning method that reveals all the if–then rules in the data, and on the basis of these rules issues predictions for new cases. When issuing predictions this method faces the problem of choosing from competing theories. We dealt with this problem by calculating the probability that the rule is accidental. The lower this probability, the more the rule can be `trusted' when issuing predictions. The method was tested empirically and found to be (...)
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  42.  3
    A Formal Treatment of Gene Identity, Genetic Causation, and Related Notions.Michael Levin - 1994 - Behavior and Philosophy 22 (2):49 - 58.
  43.  5
    Catachresis: Vico and Joyce.Samuel R. Levin - 1987 - Philosophy and Rhetoric 20 (2):94 - 105.
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  44.  6
    James Joyce un individu dans le monde.Harry Levin - 1956 - Revue de Métaphysique et de Morale 61 (3/4):346 - 359.
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  45.  3
    John Stuart Mill: A Liberal Looks at Utopian Socialism in the Years of Revolution 1848-9.Michael Levin - 2003 - Utopian Studies 14 (2):68 - 82.
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  46.  2
    Samuel Judah Todes 1927-1994.David Michael Levin - 1995 - Proceedings and Addresses of the American Philosophical Association 69 (2):115 - 116.
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  47.  4
    What’s on Your Mind? A Brain Scan Won’t Tell.Yakir Levin & Itzhak Aharon - 2011 - Review of Philosophy and Psychology 2 (4):699-722.
    Reverse Inference ( RI ) is an imaging-based type of inference from brain states to mental states, which has become highly widespread in neuroscience, most especially in neuroeconomics. Recent critical studies of RI may be taken to show that, if cautiously used, RI can help achieve research goals that may be difficult to achieve by way of behavior-based procedures alone. But can RI exceed the limits of these procedures and achieve research goals that are impossible for them to achieve alone? (...)
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  48.  16
    Negative Liberty.Michael Levin - 1984 - Social Philosophy and Policy 2 (1):84.
    Philosophers have articulated six notions of human freedom. Four are metaphysical. According to one, a man acts freely when he is doing what he wants to ; according to the second, he acts freely when he is not being compelled by outside forces ; according to the third, he acts freely when the prior state of the universe was not a sufficient cause of what he is doing; according to the fourth, he acts freely when he, not any preceding event, (...)
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  49.  10
    Schooling and Work in the Democratic State.Martin Carnoy & Henry Levin - 1985 - Stanford University Press.
    A new explanation of the relation between schooling and work in the democratic, advanced industrial state emerges from this study that rejects both traditional views and the more recent Marxian perspective. Traditional views consider schools as autonomous institutions that are able to pursue the goals of equality and social mobility irrespective of the inequalities of capitalist society; the Marxian perspective views schools as serving the role of producing wage-labor for capitalistic exploitation. The authors suggest that the shortcomings of both views (...)
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  50.  6
    Is Cancer Solvable? Towards Efficient and Ethical Biomedical Science.Jeff Shrager, Mark Shapiro & William Hoos - 2019 - Journal of Law, Medicine and Ethics 47 (3):362-368.
    Global Cumulative Treatment Analysis is a novel clinical research model combining expert knowledge, and treatment coordination based upon global information-gain, to treat every patient optimally while efficiently searching the vast space that is the realm of cancer research.
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