Results for 'Gaussian measures'

992 found
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  1.  34
    A Mathematical Characterization of Quantum Gaussian Stochastic Evolution Schemes.D. Salgado, J. L. Sánchez-Gómez & M. Ferrero - 2006 - Foundations of Physics 36 (4):526-540.
    We give a common mathematical characterization of relevant stochastic evolution schemes built up in the literatute to attack the quantum measurement problem. This characterization is based on two hypotheses, namely, (i) the trace conservation with probability one and (ii) the existence of a complex phase determining a linear support for the stochastic process driving the random evolution.
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  2.  8
    Measures of Spatial and Demographic Disparities in Access to Urban Green Space in Harbin, China.Qian Xie & Ming Lu - 2020 - Complexity 2020:1-11.
    Access to urban green space is associated with the enhancement of health and disparities in access generate issues of spatial equity and socioenvironmental justice. The aim of this study is to measure spatial accessibility and investigate access disparities to UGSs in urban areas of Harbin, China. A Gaussian-based two-step floating catchment area method and spatial autocorrelation analysis were used to measure the accessibility and evaluate its distribution patterns in residential tracts. Bivariate correlation was employed to examine the statistical relations (...)
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  3.  14
    Computability of solutions of operator equations.Volker Bosserhoff - 2007 - Mathematical Logic Quarterly 53 (4):326-344.
    We study operator equations within the Turing machine based framework for computability in analysis. Is there an algorithm that maps pairs to solutions of Tx = u ? Here we consider the case when T is a bounded linear mapping between Hilbert spaces. We are in particular interested in computing the generalized inverse T†u, which is the standard concept of solution in the theory of inverse problems. Typically, T† is discontinuous and hence no computable mapping. However, we will use effective (...)
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  4.  19
    Krishna Sudarsana—A Z-Space Interest Measure for Mining Similarity Profiled Temporal Association Patterns.Radhakrishna Vangipuram, P. V. Kumar, Vinjamuri Janaki, Shadi A. Aljawarneh, Juan A. Lara & Khalaf Khatatneh - 2020 - Foundations of Science 25 (4):1027-1048.
    Similarity profiled association mining from time stamped transaction databases is an important topic of research relatively less addressed in the field of temporal data mining. Mining temporal patterns from these time series databases requires choosing and applying similarity measure for similarity computations and subsequently pruning temporal patterns. This research proposes a novel z-space based interest measure named as Krishna Sudarsana for time-stamped transaction databases by extending interest measure Srihass proposed in previous research. Krishna Sudarsana is designed by using the product (...)
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  5. Four Tails Problems for Dynamical Collapse Theories.Kelvin J. McQueen - 2015 - Studies in the History and Philosophy of Modern Physics 49:10-18.
    The primary quantum mechanical equation of motion entails that measurements typically do not have determinate outcomes, but result in superpositions of all possible outcomes. Dynamical collapse theories (e.g. GRW) supplement this equation with a stochastic Gaussian collapse function, intended to collapse the superposition of outcomes into one outcome. But the Gaussian collapses are imperfect in a way that leaves the superpositions intact. This is the tails problem. There are several ways of making this problem more precise. But many (...)
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  6.  19
    Resolution of the Miller-Popper paradox.John Eyre - 2023 - Synthese 203 (1):1-13.
    A longstanding paradox was first reported by David Miller in 1975 and highlighted by Karl Popper in 1979. Miller showed that the ranking of predictions from two theories, in terms of closeness to observation, appears to be reversed when the problem is transformed into a different mathematical space. He concluded that “… no false theory can … be closer to the truth than is another theory”. This flies in the face of normal scientific practice and is thus paradoxical; it is (...)
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  7.  67
    Borel on the Heap.Paul Égré & Anouk Barberousse - 2014 - Erkenntnis 79 (S5):1043-1079.
    In 1907 Borel published a remarkable essay on the paradox of the Heap (“Un paradoxe économique: le sophisme du tas de blé et les vérités statistiques”), in which Borel proposes what is likely the first statistical account of vagueness ever written, and where he discusses the practical implications of the sorites paradox, including in economics. Borel’s paper was integrated in his book Le Hasard, published 1914, but has gone mostly unnoticed since its publication. One of the originalities of Borel’s essay (...)
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  8.  17
    Mapping the Color Space of Saccadic Selectivity in Visual Search.Yun Xu, Emily C. Higgins, Mei Xiao & Marc Pomplun - 2007 - Cognitive Science 31 (5):877-887.
    Color coding is used to guide attention in computer displays for such critical tasks as baggage screening or air traffic control. It has been shown that a display object attracts more attention if its color is more similar to the color for which one is searching. However, what does similar precisely mean? Can we predict the amount of attention that a display color will receive during a search for a given target color? To tackle this question, two color‐search experiments measuring (...)
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  9.  38
    Empirical two-point correlation functions.Lawrence J. Landau - 1988 - Foundations of Physics 18 (4):449-460.
    Let A 1 , A 2 , A 3 A 4 be four observables, the compatible observables among them being (A 1 , A 3 ), (A 1 , A 4 ), (A 2 , A 3 ), (A 2 , A 4 ). In order that the empirical data be reproducible by a quantum or a classical theory, the two-point correlation functions $$\{ C_{ij} = \left\langle {A_i A_j } \right\rangle :i,j a compatible pair\} $$ must necessarily satisfy $$|X_{13} X_{14} (...)
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  10.  69
    Noise Corrections to Stochastic Trace Formulas.Gergely Palla, Gábor Vattay, André Voros, Niels Søndergaard & Carl Philip Dettmann - 2001 - Foundations of Physics 31 (4):641-657.
    We review studies of an evolution operator ℒ for a discrete Langevin equation with a strongly hyperbolic classical dynamics and a Gaussian noise. The leading eigenvalue of ℒ yields a physically measurable property of the dynamical system, the escape rate from the repeller. The spectrum of the evolution operator ℒ in the weak noise limit can be computed in several ways. A method using a local matrix representation of the operator allows to push the corrections to the escape rate (...)
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  11.  14
    Robust Algorithms for a Multimodal Biometric System Using Palmprint and Speech.R. Raghavendra - 2011 - Journal of Intelligent Systems 20 (4):305-326.
    In this paper, we propose a person verification scheme using a novel combination of palmprint and speech. The crucial aspect of biometric based verification lies in its use of features in verification. Thus, in this paper, we propose two novel feature extraction methods for palmprint verification. The proposed methods are based on the Gaussian mixture model followed by subspace based approaches such as ICA I and ICA II, called independent component analysis I mixture model and independent component analysis II (...)
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  12.  15
    A stochastic approach to the hadron spectrum. II.J. C. Aron - 1986 - Foundations of Physics 16 (11):1159-1210.
    The definition of mass as a random variable is applied to the study of the decay rates. A decay is assumed possible when the fluctuation of the Gaussian variables involved makes a definite relation satisfied. Computing the probability of this process leads to the determination of the decay amplitude. This calculation, unified for baryons and mesons, is worked out in the lower and medium spectrum (up to2000 MeV for baryons and mesons), and fits to≈20 MeV the accurate measurements of (...)
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  13.  26
    Type-based associations in grapheme-color synaesthesia revealed by response time distribution analyses.Jun Saiki, Ayako Yoshioka & Hiroki Yamamoto - 2011 - Consciousness and Cognition 20 (4):1548-1557.
    Determining the nature of binding in grapheme-color synaesthesia has consequences for understanding the neural basis of synaesthesia and visual awareness in general. We evaluated type- and token-based letter-color binding using a synaesthetic version of the object-reviewing paradigm. Although mean response times failed to reveal any significant differences between synaesthetes and control participants, RT analyses with ex-Gaussian distributions revealed that the response facilitation in the synaesthesia group reflected type representations exclusively, while response facilitation in the control group, who learned letter-color (...)
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  14.  40
    The Mismatch of Intrinsic Fluctuations and the Static Assumptions of Linear Statistics.Mary Jean Amon & John G. Holden - 2019 - Review of Philosophy and Psychology 12 (1):149-173.
    The social and cognitive science replication crisis is partly due to the limitations of commonly used statistical tools. Inferential statistics require that unsystematic measurement variation is independent of system history, and weak relative to systematic or causal sources of variation. However, contemporary systems research underscores the dynamic, adaptive nature of social, cognitive, and behavioral systems. Variation in human activity includes the influences of intrinsic dynamics intertwined with changing contextual circumstances. Conventional inferential techniques presume milder forms of variability, such as unsystematic (...)
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  15.  7
    Hessenberg factorization and firework algorithms for optimized data hiding in digital images.Salama A. Mostafa, Jamal N. Hasoon, Muhanad Tahrir Younis & Methaq Talib Gaata - 2022 - Journal of Intelligent Systems 31 (1):440-453.
    Data hiding and watermarking are considered one of the most important topics in cyber security. This article proposes an optimized method for embedding a watermark image in a cover medium (color image). First, the color of the image is separated into three components (RGB). Consequently, the discrete wavelet transform is applied to each component to obtain four bands (high–high, high–low, low–high, and low–low), resulting in 12 bands in total. By omitting the low–low band from each component, a new square matrix (...)
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  16.  25
    On the Composition of Force: Algorithm and Experiment.R. Lopes Coelho - 2021 - Axiomathes 31 (2):199-210.
    Philosophers have disagreed on the composition of force for decades. The main divergence concerns the fundamental question: given a certain motion that is observable, which force or forces are present in it, component or resultant forces? The present paper focuses on the conditions for dealing with this problem. I will argue that we are not able to infer force from the observation of a motion, as required by the problem. I will further argue that the validity of the Newtonian algorithm (...)
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  17.  4
    Convex optimization for additive noise reduction in quantitative complex object wave retrieval using compressive off-axis digital holographic imaging.Anith Nelleri & B. Lokesh Reddy - 2022 - Journal of Intelligent Systems 31 (1):706-715.
    Image denoising is one of the important problems in the research field of computer vision, artificial intelligence, 3D vision, and image processing, where the fundamental aim is to recover the original image features from a noisy contaminated image. The camera sensor additive noise present in the holographic recording process reduces the quality of the retrieved image. Even though various techniques have been developed to minimize the noise in digital holography, the noise reduction still remains a challenging task. This article presents (...)
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  18.  14
    Predicting Risk Propensity Through Player Behavior in DOTA 2: A Cross-Sectional Study.Sihua Lyu, Nan Zhao, Yichuan Zhang, Wenwen Chen, Haiyan Zhou & Tingshao Zhu - 2022 - Frontiers in Psychology 13.
    As traditional methods such as questionnaires for measuring risk propensity are not applicable in some scenarios, a nonintrusive method that could automatically identify individuals' risk propensity could be valuable. This study utilized Defense of the Ancients 2 single match data and historical statistics to train predictive models to identify risk propensity by machine learning methods. Self-reported risk propensity scores from 218 DOTA 2 players were paired with their behavioral metrics. The best-performing model occurred with Gaussian process regression. The root (...)
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  19.  51
    Quantum Mechanics and Relational Realism.Michael Epperson - 2009 - Process Studies 38 (2):340-367.
    By the relational realist interpretation of wave function collapse, the quantum mechanical actualization of potentia is defined as a decoherence-driven process by which each actualization (in “orthodox” terms, each measurement outcome) is conditioned both by physical and logical relations with the actualities conventionally demarked as “environmental” or external to that particular outcome. But by the relational realist interpretation, the actualization-in-process is understood as internally related to these “enironmental” data per the formalism of quantum decoherence. The concept of “actualization via wave (...)
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  20.  10
    Audit Analysis of Abnormal Behavior of Social Security Fund Based on Adaptive Spectral Clustering Algorithm.Yan Wu, Yonghong Chen & Wenhao Ling - 2021 - Complexity 2021:1-11.
    Abnormal behavior detection of social security funds is a method to analyze large-scale data and find abnormal behavior. Although many methods based on spectral clustering have achieved many good results in the practical application of clustering, the research on the spectral clustering algorithm is still in the early stage of development. Many existing algorithms are very sensitive to clustering parameters, especially scale parameters, and need to manually input the number of clustering. Therefore, a density-sensitive similarity measure is introduced in this (...)
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  21.  14
    Heart Rate Regulation Processed Through Wavelet Analysis and Change Detection: Some Case Studies.Nadia Khalfa, Pierre R. Bertrand, Gil Boudet, Alain Chamoux & Véronique Billat - 2012 - Acta Biotheoretica 60 (1-2):109-129.
    Heart rate variability (HRV) is an indicator of the regulation of the heart, see Task Force (Circulation 93(5):1043–1065, 1996). This study compares the regulation of the heart in two cases of healthy subjects within real life situations: Marathon runners and shift workers. After an update on the state of the art on HRV processing, we specify our probabilistic model: We choose modeling heartbeat series by locally stationary Gaussian process (Dahlhaus in Ann Stat 25, 1997). HRV is then processed by (...)
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  22.  8
    Materiality Conditions in the Interplay between Environment and Financial Performance: A Graphical Modeling Approach for EEA Oil and Gas Companies.Mirela Sichigea, Marian Siminica, Mirela Cristea, Gratiela Georgiana Noja & Daniel Circiumaru - 2021 - Complexity 2021:1-16.
    The recovery after the unprecedented pandemic crisis that Europe has currently been facing is strengthening the strong dependence between social, economic, and environmental fields, maintaining green investments and innovation at the core of the European strategies. Shifting to clean industries is a challenging mission that a complex network of stakeholders and their different interests must take into account. Within this network, the interplay between environmental and financial performance of a company represents a common point with a growing emphasis on the (...)
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  23.  12
    Chaotic Signal Denoising Based on Adaptive Smoothing Multiscale Morphological Filtering.Guiji Tang, Xiaoli Yan & Xiaolong Wang - 2020 - Complexity 2020:1-14.
    Nonlinear time series denoising is the prerequisite for extracting effective information from observation sequence. An effective chaotic signal denoising method not only has a good signal-to-noise ratio enhancement performance, but also can remain as a good unpredictable denoised signal. However, the inherent characteristics of chaos, such as extreme sensitivity to initial values and broadband spectrum, pose challenges for noise reduction of polluted chaotic signals. To address these issues, an adaptive smoothing multiscale morphological filtering is proposed to reconstruct chaotic signals. In (...)
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  24.  85
    Quantum Model of Classical Mechanics: Maximum Entropy Packets. [REVIEW]P. Hájíček - 2009 - Foundations of Physics 39 (9):1072-1096.
    In a previous paper, a statistical method of constructing quantum models of classical properties has been described. The present paper concludes the description by turning to classical mechanics. The quantum states that maximize entropy for given averages and variances of coordinates and momenta are called ME packets. They generalize the Gaussian wave packets. A non-trivial extension of the partition-function method of probability calculus to quantum mechanics is given. Non-commutativity of quantum variables limits its usefulness. Still, the general form of (...)
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  25.  59
    Cartan–Weyl Dirac and Laplacian Operators, Brownian Motions: The Quantum Potential and Scalar Curvature, Maxwell’s and Dirac-Hestenes Equations, and Supersymmetric Systems. [REVIEW]Diego L. Rapoport - 2005 - Foundations of Physics 35 (8):1383-1431.
    We present the Dirac and Laplacian operators on Clifford bundles over space–time, associated to metric compatible linear connections of Cartan–Weyl, with trace-torsion, Q. In the case of nondegenerate metrics, we obtain a theory of generalized Brownian motions whose drift is the metric conjugate of Q. We give the constitutive equations for Q. We find that it contains Maxwell’s equations, characterized by two potentials, an harmonic one which has a zero field (Bohm-Aharonov potential) and a coexact term that generalizes the Hertz (...)
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  26. Research Habits in Financial Modelling: The Case of Non-normativity of Market Returns in the 1970s and the 1980s.Boudewijn De Bruin & Christian Walter - 2016 - In Ping Chen & Emiliano Ippoliti (eds.), Methods and Finance: A Unifying View on Finance, Mathematics and Philosophy. Cham: Springer. pp. 73-93.
    In this chapter, one considers finance at its very foundations, namely, at the place where assumptions are being made about the ways to measure the two key ingredients of finance: risk and return. It is well known that returns for a large class of assets display a number of stylized facts that cannot be squared with the traditional views of 1960s financial economics (normality and continuity assumptions, i.e. Brownian representation of market dynamics). Despite the empirical counterevidence, normality and continuity assumptions (...)
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  27. Emotion, Decision Making, and the Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex.Measuring Decision Making - 2002 - In Donald T. Stuss & Robert T. Knight (eds.), Principles of Frontal Lobe Function. Oxford University Press.
  28. Wg Klooster and hj Verkuyl.Measuring Duration In Dutch - 1972 - Foundations of Language 8:62.
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  29. Itzhak Gilboa.Kolmogorov'S. Complexity Measure & L. Simpucism - 1994 - In Dag Prawitz & Dag Westerståhl (eds.), Logic and Philosophy of Science in Uppsala: Papers From the 9th International Congress of Logic, Methodology and Philosophy of Science. Dordrecht, Netherland: Kluwer Academic Publishers. pp. 205.
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  30. Robert Cummings Neville.Normative Measure - 2002 - Journal of Chinese Philosophy 29:5-20.
  31. What do implicit measures measure?Michael Brownstein, Alex Madva & Bertram Gawronski - 2019 - WIREs Cognitive Science:1-13.
    We identify several ongoing debates related to implicit measures, surveying prominent views and considerations in each debate. First, we summarize the debate regarding whether performance on implicit measures is explained by conscious or unconscious representations. Second, we discuss the cognitive structure of the operative constructs: are they associatively or propositionally structured? Third, we review debates whether performance on implicit measures reflects traits or states. Fourth, we discuss the question of whether a person’s performance on an implicit measure (...)
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  32.  9
    Relative inconsistency measures.Philippe Besnard & John Grant - 2020 - Artificial Intelligence 280 (C):103231.
  33. The plurality of bayesian measures of confirmation and the problem of measure sensitivity.Branden Fitelson - 1999 - Philosophy of Science 66 (3):378.
    Contemporary Bayesian confirmation theorists measure degree of (incremental) confirmation using a variety of non-equivalent relevance measures. As a result, a great many of the arguments surrounding quantitative Bayesian confirmation theory are implicitly sensitive to choice of measure of confirmation. Such arguments are enthymematic, since they tacitly presuppose that certain relevance measures should be used (for various purposes) rather than other relevance measures that have been proposed and defended in the philosophical literature. I present a survey of this (...)
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  34.  59
    Measures of emotion: A review.Iris B. Mauss & Michael D. Robinson - 2009 - Cognition and Emotion 23 (2):209-237.
  35. How Should We Think About Implicit Measures and Their Empirical “Anomalies”?Bertram Gawronski, Michael Brownstein & Alex Madva - 2022 - WIREs Cognitive Science:1-7.
    Based on a review of several “anomalies” in research using implicit measures, Machery (2021) dismisses the modal interpretation of participant responses on implicit measures and, by extension, the value of implicit measures. We argue that the reviewed findings are anomalies only for specific—influential but long-contested—accounts that treat responses on implicit measures as uncontaminated indicators of trait-like unconscious representations that coexist with functionally independent conscious representations. However, the reviewed findings are to-be-expected “normalities” when viewed from the perspective (...)
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  36. Measures, explanations and the past: Should ‘special’ initial conditions be explained?Craig Callender - 2004 - British Journal for the Philosophy of Science 55 (2):195-217.
    For the generalizations of thermodynamics to obtain, it appears that a very ‘special’ initial condition of the universe is required. Is this initial condition itself in need of explanation? I argue that it is not. In so doing, I offer a framework in which to think about ‘special’ initial conditions in all areas of science, though I concentrate on the case of thermodynamics. I urge the view that it is not always a serious mark against a theory that it must (...)
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  37. Are subjective measures of well-being ‘direct’?Erik Angner - 2011 - Australasian Journal of Philosophy 89 (1):115-130.
    Subjective measures of well-being—measures based on answers to questions such as ‘Taking things all together, how would you say things are these days—would you say you're very happy, pretty happy, or not too happy these days?’—are often presented as superior to more traditional economic welfare measures, e.g., for public policy purposes. This paper aims to spell out and assess what I will call the argument from directness: the notion that subjective measures of well-being better represent well-being (...)
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  38. Subjective measures of unconscious knowledge.Z. Dienes - 2008 - In Rahul Banerjee & Bikas K. Chakrabarti (eds.), Models of brain and mind: physical, computational, and psychological approaches. Boston: Elsevier.
  39. Value Choices in Summary Measures of Population Health.S. Andrew Schroeder - 2017 - Public Health Ethics 10 (2):176-187.
    Summary measures of health, such as the quality-adjusted life year and disability-adjusted life year, have long been known to incorporate a number of value choices. In this paper, though, I show that the value choices in the construction of such measures extend far beyond what is generally recognized. In showing this, I hope both to improve the understanding of those measures by epidemiologists, health economists and policy-makers, and also to contribute to the general debate about the extent (...)
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  40. Probabilistic measures of causal strength.Branden Fitelson & Christopher Hitchcock - 2011 - In Phyllis McKay Illari Federica Russo (ed.), Causality in the Sciences. Oxford University Press. pp. 600--627.
  41.  11
    Questionnaire Measures and Physiological Correlates of Presence: A Systematic Review.Simone Grassini & Karin Laumann - 2020 - Frontiers in Psychology 11.
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  42.  35
    Antisocial process screening device, 56 Antisocial tendencies, Self-Report Psychopathy Scale, 101 Antisociality, 123 Appeal to Nature Questionnaire, 184–187. [REVIEW]Griffith Empathy Measure & Psychopathy Checklist-Revised - 2012 - In Robyn Langdon & Catriona Mackenzie (eds.), Emotions, Imagination, and Moral Reasoning. Psychology Press. pp. 357.
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  43. is a set B with Boolean operations a∨ b (join), a∧ b (meet) and− a (complement), partial ordering a≤ b defined by a∧ b= a and the smallest and greatest element, 0 and 1. By Stone's Representation Theorem, every Boolean algebra is isomorphic to an algebra of subsets of some nonempty set S, under operations a∪ b, a∩ b, S− a, ordered by inclusion, with 0=∅. [REVIEW]Mystery Of Measurability - 2006 - Bulletin of Symbolic Logic 12 (2).
  44. On bayesian measures of evidential support: Theoretical and empirical issues.Vincenzo Crupi, Katya Tentori & and Michel Gonzalez - 2007 - Philosophy of Science 74 (2):229-252.
    Epistemologists and philosophers of science have often attempted to express formally the impact of a piece of evidence on the credibility of a hypothesis. In this paper we will focus on the Bayesian approach to evidential support. We will propose a new formal treatment of the notion of degree of confirmation and we will argue that it overcomes some limitations of the currently available approaches on two grounds: (i) a theoretical analysis of the confirmation relation seen as an extension of (...)
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  45. Information measures, effective complexity, and total information.Murray Gell-Mann & Seth Lloyd - 1996 - Complexity 2 (1):44-52.
  46. Entitativity and implicit measures of social cognition.Ben Phillips - 2021 - Mind and Language 37 (5):1030-1047.
    I argue that in addressing worries about the validity and reliability of implicit measures of social cognition, theorists should draw on research concerning “entitativity perception.” In brief, an aggregate of people is perceived as highly “entitative” when its members exhibit a certain sort of unity. For example, think of the difference between the aggregate of people waiting in line at a bank versus a tight-knit group of friends: The latter seems more “groupy” than the former. I start by arguing (...)
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  47. Probabilistic measures of coherence and the problem of belief individuation.Luca Moretti & Ken Akiba - 2007 - Synthese 154 (1):73 - 95.
    Coherentism in epistemology has long suffered from lack of formal and quantitative explication of the notion of coherence. One might hope that probabilistic accounts of coherence such as those proposed by Lewis, Shogenji, Olsson, Fitelson, and Bovens and Hartmann will finally help solve this problem. This paper shows, however, that those accounts have a serious common problem: the problem of belief individuation. The coherence degree that each of the accounts assigns to an information set (or the verdict it gives as (...)
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  48.  36
    Values and ethics-related measures for management education.Stephen L. Payne - 1988 - Journal of Business Ethics 7 (4):273 - 277.
    Various measures related to individual values, ethical attitudes and moral reasoning exist and are being increasingly applied for research in business and professional ethics. The England Personal Values Questionnaire, the Rokeach Value Survey, and Rest's Defining Issues Test have received stronger support and application for management and organizational behavior research than other instruments, such as Gordon's Survey of Personal Values and Hogan's Survey of Ethical Attitudes. Beyond research usage, many of these measures offer potential for instructional purposes. Knowledge (...)
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  49.  43
    Comparing measures of approach–avoidance behaviour: The manikin task vs. two versions of the joystick task.Regina Krieglmeyer & Roland Deutsch - 2010 - Cognition and Emotion 24 (5):810-828.
  50.  8
    Repeated Measures Correlation.Jonathan Z. Bakdash & Laura R. Marusich - 2017 - Frontiers in Psychology 8.
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