Results for 'cyclical, anthropological determinism'

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  1.  23
    Solving Highly Cyclic Distributed Optimization Problems Without Busting the Bank: A Decimation-based Approach.Jesús Cerquides, Juan Antonio Rodríguez-Aguilar, Rémi Emonet & Gauthier Picard - 2021 - Logic Journal of the IGPL 29 (1):72-95.
    In the context of solving large distributed constraint optimization problems, belief-propagation and incomplete inference algorithms are candidates of choice. However, in general, when the problem structure is very cyclic, these solution methods suffer from bad performance, due to non-convergence and many exchanged messages. As to improve performances of the MaxSum inference algorithm when solving cyclic constraint optimization problems, we propose here to take inspiration from the belief-propagation-guided decimation used to solve sparse random graphs. We propose the novel DeciMaxSum method, which (...)
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  2.  3
    Anthropology of the brain: consciousness, culture, and free will.Roger Bartra - 2014 - Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press. Edited by Gusti Gould.
    Anthropology of the Brain In this unique exploration of the mysteries of the human brain, Roger Bartra shows that consciousness is a phenomenon that occurs not only in the mind but also in an external network, a symbolic system. He argues that the symbolic systems created by humans in art, language, in cooking or in dress, are the key to understanding human consciousness.
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  3.  21
    Analytical Anthropology of Peter Hacker.V. Y. Popov & Е. V. Popova - 2021 - Anthropological Measurements of Philosophical Research 20:142-149.
    Purpose. The article is an explication of the features of the anthropological teaching of Peter Hacker in the context of analytical philosophy with consideration to the context of European philosophy within the framework of the Oxford School of ordinary language philosophy. The theoretical basis of the research is determined by the latest research in the English-language analytical philosophical tradition, rethinking the place of anthropological problems in the system of philosophical knowledge. Originality. Referring to primary sources, we reconstructed the (...)
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  4.  61
    Freedom and Anthropology in Kant’s Moral Philosophy.Patrick R. Frierson - 2003 - New York: Cambridge University Press.
    This book offers a comprehensive account of Kant's theory of freedom and his moral anthropology. The point of departure is the apparent conflict between three claims to which Kant is committed: that human beings are transcendentally free, that moral anthropology studies the empirical influences on human beings, and that more anthropology is morally relevant. Frierson shows why this conflict is only apparent. He draws on Kant's transcendental idealism and his theory of the will and describes how empirical influences can affect (...)
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  5.  37
    Determinism and argument.Kenneth T. Gallagher - 1964 - Modern Schoolman 41 (January):111-122.
  6. Anthropology and Freedom in Kant's Moral Philosophy: Saving Kant From Schleiermacher's Dilemma.Patrick Frierson - 2001 - Dissertation, University of Notre Dame
    Both neokantian moral theorists and Kant scholars have begun to incorporate Kant's moral anthropology. The result has been kantian moral theory that pays attention to character, virtue, and the richness of human life, and that takes seriously Kant's own conception of the importance for ethics of moral anthropology. But there is an apparent conflict between Kant's anthropological insights into empirical helps and hindrances to developing moral character and his insistence that transcendental freedom is a condition of the possibility of (...)
     
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  7.  7
    Anthropological Problems in the Philosophy of H. S. Skovoroda in the Context of Modern National State-Forming Processes.P. Kravchenko - 2023 - Philosophical Horizons 47:113-123.
    The philosophical symbolism of H. Skovoroda’s works lies in wisdom, congenial work, seeing the big in the small, unveiling mysteries through the symbolic world. Skovoroda states that to be a human-being is to be a philosopher. The aim of philosophy is to reawaken the main mottos of the Age of Enlightenment (honor, dignity, freedom, justice, solidarity, morality). Creating open society in Ukraine on the basis of these mottos is the aim of the modern national state-building. The aim of the article (...)
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  8.  9
    Philosophical Anthropology.T. M. Rudavsky - 2010-02-12 - In Steven Nadler (ed.), Maimonides. Wiley‐Blackwell. pp. 85–109.
    This chapter contains sections titled: The Status of Humans in Maimonides' Ontology Matter, Privation, and Evil Accounting for Multiplicity of Persons The Constitution of Soul and Body Immortality of the Soul: Personal or General? Conclusion further reading.
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  9. Is free will compatible with determinism?Clement Dore - 1963 - Philosophical Review 72 (October):500-501.
    If we maintain that free will requires the absence of determinism, Then can we claim to be free without any wants? if we had no wants at all, What sense would there to be talk about free will? the difference between free will and the absence of free will is not that between indeterminism and determinism. Free choice presupposes determinism in that in order to make a choice an individual must have some motive or reason for so (...)
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  10.  95
    Free will and determinism: A reply.John V. Canfield - 1963 - Philosophical Review 72 (October):502-504.
  11. Kant on epigenesis, monogenesis and human nature: The biological premises of anthropology.Alix A. Cohen - 2006 - Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part C: Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences 37 (4):675-693.
    The aim of this paper is to show that for Kant, a combination of epigenesis and monogenesis is the condition of possibility of anthropology as he conceives of it and that moreover, this has crucial implications for the biological dimension of his account of human nature. More precisely, I begin by arguing that Kant’s conception of mankind as a natural species is based on two premises: firstly the biological unity of the human species (monogenesis of the human races); and secondly (...)
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  12.  58
    History in the Gene: Negotiations Between Molecular and Organismal Anthropology.Marianne Sommer - 2008 - Journal of the History of Biology 41 (3):473-528.
    In the advertising discourse of human genetic database projects, of genetic ancestry tracing companies, and in popular books on anthropological genetics, what I refer to as the anthropological gene and genome appear as documents of human history, by far surpassing the written record and oral history in scope and accuracy as archives of our past. How did macromolecules become "documents of human evolutionary history"? Historically, molecular anthropology, a term introduced by Emile Zuckerkandl in 1962 to characterize the study (...)
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  13.  35
    Political Epistemology, Technocracy, and Political Anthropology: Reply to a Symposium on Power Without Knowledge.Jeffrey Friedman - 2020 - Critical Review: A Journal of Politics and Society 32 (1):242-367.
    A political epistemology that enables us to determine if political actors are likely to know what they need to know must be rooted in an ontology of the actors and of the human objects of their knowledge; that is, a political anthropology. The political anthropology developed in Power Without Knowledge envisions human beings as creatures whose conscious actions are determined by their interpretations of what seem to them to be relevant circumstances; and whose interpretations are, in turn, determined by webs (...)
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  14. Freedom and the Human Sciences: Hume’s Science of Man versus Kant’s Pragmatic Anthropology.Thomas Sturm - 2011 - Kant Yearbook 3 (1):23-42.
    In his Anthropology from a Pragmatic Point of View, Kant formulates the idea of the empirical investigation of the human being as a free agent. The notion is puzzling: Does Kant not often claim that, from an empirical point of view, human beings cannot be considered as free? What sense would it make anyway to include the notion of freedom in science? The answer to these questions lies in Kant’s notion of character. While probably all concepts of character are involved (...)
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  15.  33
    Cultural Determinism, Cultural Relativism, and the Comparative Study of Psychopathology.Melford E. Spiro - 2001 - Ethos: Journal of the Society for Psychological Anthropology 29 (2):218-234.
  16.  19
    Darwinism, Democracy, and Race: American Anthropology and Evolutionary Biology in the Twentieth Century.John P. Jackson & David J. Depew - 2017 - New York: Routledge. Edited by David J. Depew.
    Darwinism, Democracy, and Race examines the development and defence of an argument that arose at the boundary between anthropology and evolutionary biology in twentieth-century America. In its fully articulated form, this argument simultaneously discredited scientific racism and defended free human agency in Darwinian terms. The volume is timely because it gives readers a key to assessing contemporary debates about the biology of race. By working across disciplinary lines, the book's focal figures--the anthropologist Franz Boas, the cultural anthropologist Alfred Kroeber, the (...)
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  17. Freedom and Determinism.Jurgen Habermas & Ming-Chuan Chou - 2005 - Philosophy and Culture 32 (10):67-96.
    In this paper, have two parts: the first is the critical part, in this section I will critically pointed out that the reductionism of the research project in the face of ideas and language to explain the dualism of the plight of the game, only to avoid paying with phenomenology price. Followed by the construction of the part, I will be back "perspective of dualism," the anthropological roots, and this "perspective dualism" itself does not exclude a unified view of (...)
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  18.  23
    The Emergence of Practical Self-Understanding: Human Agency and Downward Causation in Plessner’s Philosophical Anthropology.Jos de Mul - 2019 - Human Studies 42 (1):65-82.
    Helmuth Plessner’s Levels of Organic Life and the Human [Die Stufen des Organischen und der Mensch, 1928] is one of the founding texts of twentieth century philosophical anthropology. It is argued that Plessner’s work demonstrates the fundamental indispensability of the qualitative humanities vis-à-vis the natural-scientific study of man. Plessner’s non-reductionist, emergentist naturalism allots complementary roles to the causal and functional investigations of the life sciences and the phenomenological and hermeneutic interpretation of the phenomenon of life in its successive levels and (...)
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  19. Kant on Epigenesis, Monogenesis and Human Nature: The Biological Premises of Anthropology.Alix Cohen - 2006 - Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part A 37 (4):675-93.
    The aim of this paper is to show that for Kant, a combination of epigenesis and monogenesis is the condition of possibility of anthropology as he conceives of it and that moreover, this has crucial implications for the biological dimension of his account of human nature. More precisely, I begin by arguing that Kant’s conception of mankind as a natural species is based on two premises: firstly the biological unity of the human species (monogenesis of the human races); and secondly (...)
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  20.  7
    The ethics of the Tripartite tractate (NHC I, 5): a study of determinism and early Christian philosophy of ethics.Paul Linjamaa - 2019 - Boston: Brill.
    In The Ethics of The Tripartite Tractate (NHC I, 5) Paul Linjamaa offers the first full length thematical monograph on the longest Valentinian text extant today. By investigating the ethics of The Tripartite Tractate, this study offers in-depth exploration of the text's ontology, epistemology, theory of will, and passions, as well as the anthropology and social setting of the text. Valentinians have often been associated with determinism, which has been presented as "Gnostic" and then not taken seriously, or disregarded (...)
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  21. Combining Marx with Kant: The philosophical anthropology of li Zehou.Woei Lien Chong - 1999 - Philosophy East and West 49 (2):120-149.
    Li Zehou is known as the "intellectual leader of the Chinese Enlightenment" of the 1980s. His major quest has always been for a way to define the role of human agency versus determinism on the one hand, and voluntarism on the other. In the 1980s, Li came forward with a philosophical anthropology (his "theory of subjectivity" or "practice") that moves between two poles: On the one hand, mankind is different from the animals because of its capacity to mold its (...)
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  22. The compatibility of free will and determinism.John V. Canfield - 1962 - Philosophical Review 71 (July):352-368.
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  23.  63
    Free will, consciousness, and self: anthropological perspectives on psychology.Preben Bertelsen - 2003 - New York: Berghahn Books.
    Introduction General Anthropology What is it to be human? Human existence means human co-existence; this is an inevitable part of the human condition. ...
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  24.  22
    The Emergence of Practical Self-Understanding: Human Agency and Downward Causation in Plessner’s Philosophical Anthropology.Jos Mul - 2019 - Human Studies 42 (1):65-82.
    Helmuth Plessner’s Levels of Organic Life and the Human [Die Stufen des Organischen und der Mensch, 1928] is one of the founding texts of twentieth century philosophical anthropology (understood as philosophical reflection on the fundamental characteristics of the human lifeform). It is argued that Plessner’s work demonstrates the fundamental indispensability of the qualitative humanities vis-à-vis the natural-scientific study of man. Plessner’s non-reductionist, emergentist naturalism allots complementary roles to the causal and functional investigations of the life sciences and the phenomenological and (...)
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  25. Freedom to Choose Between Good and Evil: Theological Anthropology in Discussion with Philosophy.Matej Kováčik - 2020 - European Journal for Philosophy of Religion 12 (4):95-115.
    After a brief discussion of the terms determinism and free will, the paper sets out to compare some recent philosophical approaches to the problem of free will with a theological anthropology account of the notion. It aims to defend the claim, that even though different kind of questions are asked on both sides, they tackle similar issues and a complementary approach is needed. Recent philosophy considers the problem mostly from the standpoint of logic, naturalist evolutionary ontology and cognitive science. (...)
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  26.  17
    A Linguistic and Philosophical Analysis of Anthropological Paradigms.Yurii Stezhko, Vira Drabovska, Liudmyla Gusak, Elina Koliada, Ilona Derik & Svitlana Hrushko - 2021 - Postmodern Openings 12 (1Sup1):287-301.
    The article justifies the need to involve philosophy in specific scientific research due to the ineffectiveness of verbal-and-figurative models and the inadequacy of character education. Indeed, philosophy can increase their theoretical and applied effectiveness in the long-term methodological perspective. The article shows the wrong side of limitations in specific scientific research imposed by an interdisciplinary methodology. It points out to the disadvantages of applying interdisciplinary methods in psycholinguistics, such as analysis synthesis, induction and deduction. The article expands the range of (...)
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  27.  86
    The human being in the context of nature: Philosophical anthropology and natural sciences in Hedwig Conrad-martius. [REVIEW]Angela Ales Bello - 2008 - Axiomathes 18 (4):425-443.
    The most original aspect of Hedwig Conrad-Martius’ research is her interpretation of nature, performed through the phenomenological method. She pinpoints the very essences of the natural phenomena, discovering entelechies inside them and a trans-physical dimension. She reads the evolution of nature in a new way, against the deterministic interpretation of it. Inside nature one can discover many levels, qualitatively different. The human being participates to all of them, but his/her peculiarity is linked to the mental–spiritual life.
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  28. Mental Illness and Moral Discernment: A Clinical Psychiatric Perspective.Duncan A. P. Angus & Marion L. S. Carson - 2020 - European Journal for Philosophy of Religion 12 (4):191-211.
    As a contribution to a wider discussion on moral discernment in theological anthropology, this paper seeks to answer the question “What is the impact of mental illness on an individual’s ability to make moral decisions?” Written from a clinical psychiatric perspective, it considers recent contributions from psychology, neuropsychology and imaging technology. It notes that the popular conception that mental illness necessarily robs an individual of moral responsibility is largely unfounded. Most people who suffer from mental health problems do not lose (...)
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  29.  82
    Evolutionary theory and group selection: The question of warfare.Doyne Dawson - 1999 - History and Theory 38 (4):79–100.
    Evolutionary anthropology has focused on the origins of war, or rather ethnocentricity, because it epitomizes the problem of group selection, and because war may itself have been the main agent of group selection. The neo-Darwinian synthesis in biology has explained how ethnocentricity might evolve by group selection, and the distinction between evoked culture and adopted culture, suggested by the emerging synthesis in evolutionary psychology, has explained how it might be transmitted. Ethnocentric mechanisms could have evolved by genetic selection in ancestral (...)
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  30. The Threefold Emergence of Time unravels Physics'Reality.Guido J. M. Verstraeten & Willem W. Verstraeten - 2013 - Pensée 75 (12):136-142.
    Time as the key to a theory of everything became recently a renewed topic in scientific literature. Social constructivism applied to physics abandons the inevitable essentials of nature. It adopts uncertainty in the scope of the existential activity of scientific research. We have enlightened the deep role of social constructivism of the predetermined Newtonian time and space notions in natural sciences. Despite its incompatibility with determinism governing the Newtonian mechanics, randomness and entropy are inevitable when negative localized energy is (...)
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  31.  38
    Focus-Style Proofs for the Two-Way Alternation-Free μ-Calculus.Jan Rooduijn & Yde Venema - 2023 - In Helle Hvid Hansen, Andre Scedrov & Ruy J. G. B. De Queiroz (eds.), Logic, Language, Information, and Computation: 29th International Workshop, WoLLIC 2023, Halifax, NS, Canada, July 11–14, 2023, Proceedings. Springer Nature Switzerland. pp. 318-335.
    We introduce a cyclic proof system for the two-way alternation-free modal μ-calculus. The system manipulates one-sided Gentzen sequents and locally deals with the backwards modalities by allowing analytic applications of the cut rule. The global effect of backwards modalities on traces is handled by making the semantics relative to a specific strategy of the opponent in the evaluation game. This allows us to augment sequents by so-called trace atoms, describing traces that the proponent can construct against the opponent’s strategy. The (...)
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  32.  53
    Machine Code and Metaphysics: A Perspective on Software Engineering.Lindsay Smith, Vito Veneziano & Paul Wernick - 2015 - Philosophies 1 (1):28--39.
    A major, but too-little-considered problem for Software Engineering is a lack of consensus concerning Computer Science and how this relates to developing unpredictable computing technology. We consider some implications for SE of computer systems differing scientific basis, exemplified with the International Standard Organisations Open Systems Interconnection layered architectural model. An architectural view allows comparison of computing technology components facilitating a view of computing as a continuum. For example, at one layer of computer architecture, components written in Turing-complete machine language can (...)
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  33.  7
    Getting Our Ontology Right: A Critique of Language and Culture in the Work of François Jullien.William Matthews - 2023 - Theory, Culture and Society 40 (4-5):75-92.
    This article presents a cognitive anthropological critique of François Jullien’s approach to language and culture. Jullien approaches ‘culture’ as a coherent set of concepts across time and space, relying primarily on identifying Chinese (and Greek) thought with particular concepts expressed in language. This mischaracterizes human culture, which exists on the level of individual mental representations, and relies on a form of linguistic determinism which fails to stand in the face of psychological and anthropological evidence. This leads Jullien (...)
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  34.  11
    History of Technology.Thomas J. Misa - 2009 - In Jan Kyrre Berg Olsen Friis, Stig Andur Pedersen & Vincent F. Hendricks (eds.), A Companion to the Philosophy of Technology. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell. pp. 5–17.
    This chapter contains sections titled: Definitions of “Technology” Problems of Culture Dilemmas of Determinism References and Further Reading.
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  35. Principles and Characteristics of George Gemistos Plethon’s Philosophy.Katelis Viglas - 2009 - PHILOTHEOS, International Journal for Philosophy and Theology 9:183-190.
    George Gemistos Plethon was a Byzantine Philosopher, who lived during the 14th and 15th centuries before the fall of the Byzantine Empire. In his writings we can find the feeling of an intense Greek identity. Also, he can be considered as a genuine neoplatonist, who played a decisive role in the controversy between Platonists and Aristotelians in his era. He took part in the Council of Florence and the Council of Ferrara (1438-1439), where he gave a course of lectures on (...)
     
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  36.  19
    Plagiarism as antropological and social phenomenon.T. S. Parkhomenko - 2018 - Anthropological Measurements of Philosophical Research 14:94-106.
    Purpose of the article is to determine plagiarism as anthropological and social phenomenon. Theoretical basis. The author has analysed authentic historical-philosophical and literary texts to explicate the original meaning of the terms, by which the phenomenon of plagiarism was denoted. There were used methods and principles of socio-philosophical and philosophical-anthropological research, in particular: social determinism and anthropological interpretation of human life phenomena. Originality consists of: clarifying the terminological evolution in relation to designating the phenomenon of plagiarism; (...)
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  37.  20
    La liberté, l'existence et la mort chez Spinoza et Freud.Bertrand Dejardin - 2018 - Paris: L'Harmattan.
    Dans un précédent ouvrage, La liberté, la pensée et la mort chez Platon et Montaigne, il a été montré que, chez Platon comme chez Montaigne, la mort, loin d'être le plus terrible des maux, est en fait une libération, car elle rend possible un détachement d'avec la vie qui leur est apparue soit contaminée par des fictions, soit cruellement angoissante. Les mêmes thèmes sont repris dans cet ouvrage avec Spinoza et Freud, mais dans un contexte déterministe qui les empêche de (...)
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  38.  79
    Raising Darwin’s consciousness.Sarah Blaffer Hrdy - 1997 - Human Nature 8 (1):1-49.
    Sociobiologists and feminists agree that men in patriarchal social systems seek to control females, but sociobiologists go further, using Darwin’s theory of sexual selection and Trivers’s ideas on parental investment to explain why males should attempt to control female sexuality. From this perspective, the stage for the development under some conditions of patriarchal social systems was set over the course of primate evolution. Sexual selection encompasses both competition between males and female choice. But in applying this theory to our “lower (...)
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  39.  47
    A Reconstruction of Basic Concepts in Spinoza's Social Psychology.Jon Wetlesen - 1969 - Inquiry: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Philosophy 12:105.
    Spinoza's philosophical anthropology is reconstructed with a view to its relevance to theoretical and practical problems in social psychology. An attempt is made to show how he conceives the interrelations between cognitions, sentiments (i.e. emotions and attitudes), and interests (i.e. drives and desires) as relational concepts and as anchored in social interaction rather than in a purely individualistic conception of man. Spinoza's determinism is interpreted as a personal and social causation, rather than a physical, causal determinism, and his (...)
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  40.  6
    The Demons of Science: What They Can and Cannot Tell Us About Our World.Friedel Weinert - 2016 - Cham: Imprint: Springer.
    This book is the first all-encompassing exploration of the role of demons in philosophical and scientific thought experiments. In Part I, the author explains the importance of thought experiments in science and philosophy. Part II considers Laplace's Demon, whose claim is that the world is completely deterministic. Part III introduces Maxwell's Demon, who - by contrast - experiences a world that is probabilistic and indeterministic. Part IV explores Nietzsche's thesis of the cyclic and eternal recurrence of events. In each case (...)
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  41. Comparing Cosmological Models.Andrew Holster - manuscript
    The standard model of cosmology is acclaimed in physics as accurate, robust, well-tested, our best scientific theory of the cosmos, but it has had serious anomalies for a while, including the Hubble tension, anomalous galaxies, and the completely unexplained nature of dark energy and dark matter. And lurking behind it all is the lack of a unified theory: General Relativity (GR) and quantum mechanics (QM) are inconsistent. Now startling new observations by the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) in 2022 of (...)
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  42.  17
    Dimensions of time: the structures of the time of humans, of the world, and of God.Wolfgang Achtner - 2002 - Grand Rapids, Mich.: W.B. Eerdmans. Edited by Stefan Kunz & Thomas Walter.
    Theories of the nature of time offered by anthropology, science, and religion are not only numerous but also very different. This groundbreaking book cuts through the confusion by introducing a provocative new tripolar model of time that integrates the human, natural, and religious dimensions of time into a single, harmonious whole. Wolfgang Achtner, Stefan Kunz, and Thomas Walter begin by exploring the structures of time in anthropological terms. They discuss time phenomenologically, showing how it can be experienced in three (...)
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  43. Modelowanie działań i norm w logice deontycznej.Piotr Kulicki & Robert Trypuz - 2013 - In Jerzy Juchnowski & Robert Wiszniowski (eds.), Współczesna teoria i praktyka badań społecznych i humanistycznych. Tom 1. Adam Marszałek.
    In the paper we provide an overview of issues related to the models used in the research on the logic of norms and actions. We present two models of the variability of the world: temporal (acyclic) and atemporal (cyclic). In the first one the past is always clearly defined, and the future is potentially “branched”. The second type of model allows for a return to the situation that took place. Next we describe different approaches towards agency modeling. We present the (...)
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  44.  26
    The euclidean egg, the three legged chinese chicken.Walter Benesch - 1993 - Journal of Chinese Philosophy 20 (2):109-131.
    SUMMARY1 The rational soul becomes the constant and dimensionless Euclidean point in all experience - defining the situations in which it finds itself, but itself undefined and undefinable in any situation. It is in nature but not of nature. Just as the dimensionless Euclidean point can occupy infinite positions on a line and yet remain unaltered, so the immortal, active intellect remains unaffected by the world in which it finds itself. It is not influenced by age, sense data, sickness or (...)
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  45.  12
    The Duration of History in Bergson.Caterina Zanfi - 2021 - Bergsoniana 1.
    Although he developed one of the most important modern theories of time, Bergson has often been criticised for not thinking history. Drawing on his writings from Creative Evolution to The Two Sources, I show that, on the contrary, he was trying to define history in a new way, one that would not be exhausted by the traditional opposition to the natural sciences. Bergson’s new philosophy of history, free of teleology and determinism, allows us to think the specificity of the (...)
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  46.  3
    Mensch und freier Wille.Gerhard Maier - 1971 - Tübingen,: Mohr .
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  47.  5
    Human Nature Mythology.Kenneth Elliott Bock & Kenneth Bock - 1994
    Humanistisk opgør med de negative myter, der lammer menneskets handlekraft; samt om deres opståen set i historisk, filosofisk/teologisk perspektiv.
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  48. Kant on Descartes and the Brutes.Steve Naragon - 1990 - Kant Studien 81 (1):1-23.
    Despite Kant's belief in a universal causal determinism among phenomena and his rejection of any noumenal agency in brutes, he nevertheless rejected Descartes's hypothesis that brutes are machines. Explaining Kant's response to Descartes forms the basis for this discussion of the nature of consciousness and matter in Kant's system. Kant's numerous remarks on animal psychology-as found in his lecture notes and reflections on metaphysics and anthropology-suggest a theory of consciousness and self-consciousness at odds with that traditionally ascribed to him.
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  49.  15
    Fragile Existenz: Antworten französischer Philosophen.Birgitta Fuchs, Karin Farokhifar & André Schütte (eds.) - 2014 - Rheinbach: CMZ.
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  50. The Eternal Return of the Same: Nietzsche's "Valueless" Revaluation of All Values.David Rowe - 2012 - Parrhesia 15:71-86.
    In this paper I argue that Nietzsche should be understood as a “thorough-going nihilist”. Rather than broaching two general projects of destroying current values and constructing new ones, I argue that Nietzsche should be understood only as a destroyer of values. I do this by looking at Nietzsche’s views on nihilism and the role played by Nietzsche’s cyclical view of time, or his doctrine of the eternal recurrence of the same. I provide a typology of nihilisms, as they are found (...)
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