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Diaectic of Pop.Robin James - forthcoming - Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism.

Philosophy of Specific Arts, Misc in Aesthetics

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Music as Misdirection.Jason Leddington - forthcoming - In Jake Johnson (ed.), Viva Las Vegas: Music and Myth in America's City of Second Chances. Champaign, IL, USA:

Magic and Vegas have a lot in common. Both have a reputation for bad taste and cheap thrills, and they’ve both generally been ignored—or at best ridiculed—by the art-critical establishment. It’s fitting, then, that no city loves magic like Vegas loves magic. Today, more than one-third of its top-selling shows feature magic, and this means that no complete treatment of art and entertainment in Sin City can afford to ignore it. But what’s at risk here is more than theoretical completeness. (...)

Philosophy of Music in Aesthetics

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Pornography and Melancholy.Hans Maes - forthcoming - Apa Newsletter on Feminism and Philosophy.

Section 1 proposes a new philosophical account of melancholy. Section 2 examines the reasons why one might think that pornography and melancholy are incompatible. Section 3 discusses some successful examples of melancholic pornography and makes the case that feminist pornographers are particularly well-placed to produce such material.

Art and Artworks in Aesthetics

Topics in Aesthetics in Aesthetics

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Arthur Danto’s Andy Warhol: the Embodiment of Theory in Art and the Pragmatic Turn.Stephen Snyder - forthcoming - Leitmotiv:135-151.

Arthur Danto’s recent book, Andy Warhol, leads the reader through the story of the iconic American’s artistic life highlighted by a philosophical commentary, a commentary that merges Danto’s aesthetic theory with the artist himself. Inspired by Warhol’s Brillo Box installation, art that in Danto’s eyes was indiscernible from the everyday boxes it represented, Danto developed a theory that is able to differentiate art from non-art by employing the body of conceptual art theory manifest in what he termed the ‘artworld’. The (...) strength of Danto’s theory is found in its ability to explain the art of the post-modern era. His body of work weaves philosophy, art history and art criticism together, merging his aesthetic philosophy with his extensive knowledge of the world of art. Danto’s essentialist theory of embodied meaning provides him with a critical tool that succeeds in explaining the currents of contemporary art, a task that many great thinkers of art history were unable to do. If Warhol inspired Danto to create a philosophy of art, it is appropriate that Danto write a tribute to Warhol that traces how Warhol brought philosophy into art. Danto’s account of ‘Warhol as philosopher’ positions him as a pivotal figure in the history of twentieth-century art, effecting a sea change in how art was made and viewed. Warhol achieved this by conceiving of works that embodied the answers to a series of philosophical puzzles surrounding the nature of art. Warhol, as Danto describes him, manifests himself in his art because he had transformed himself, in a way, into an icon of the times. This pragmatist notion that art should undermine the dichotomies that exist between art and life would, by some accounts, position Warhol to be the philosopher that Danto claims him to be, for he dissolved the philosophical questions posted by late modern aesthetic thinkers by creating art that imploded the accepted notions of art at the time. One of Danto’s greatest contributions to aesthetics is his theory’s ability to distinguish art from non-art, recognizing that it is the artist’s intention that levels the sublimity of art into the commonplace, thereby transfiguring the everyday. However, acknowledging this achievement, I argue that Warhol’s philosophical contribution actually manifests itself in a manner different from that proposed by Danto. Danto maintains that the internal drive of art leads to the unfolding of art theoretical concepts that ineluctably shift the terrain of world of art. I would agree with Danto that Warhol, almost as Hegel viewed Napoleon as Geist on a horse, pushed forward the boundaries of art through the actualization of art’s internal drive. But I would disagree that the conceptual nature of art is one that unfolds merely as a relation of concepts that artists trace through a connection to the meaning of history they forge using their unmediated grasp of style. Rather, I would argue that the artist’s style is not bound so narrowly to the meanings they express. Through their aesthetic articulations, artists initiate a process of social interaction. This process employs the philosophical logic which Danto attributes to Warhol indirectly, and through it, it is able to transfigure the vocabulary of art—the concepts of the artworld—by superseding the language of modernism. Warhol’s philosophical contribution is seen in his mastery of both the medium of art and the underlying logic of the medium’s expression and reception. (shrink)

The Interpretation of Art in Aesthetics

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Aesthetic Sins of Commission and Omission.Nils-Hennes Stear - forthcoming - Analysis.

A critical notice of Erich Hatala Matthes' 'Drawing the Line'.

Philosophy of Gender, Race, and Sexuality

Justice in Social and Political Philosophy

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An Epistemology of Criminological Cinema.David Grčki & Rafe McGregor - 2024 - Abingdon: Taylor & Francis.

Standing at the intersection of criminology and philosophy, this book demonstrates the ways in which mythic movies and television series can provide an understanding of actual crimes and social harms. Taking three social problems as its subjects – capitalist political economy, structural injustice, and racism – the book explores the ways in which David Fincher’s Fight Club (1999), HBO’s Game of Thrones (2011–2019), and Jordan Peele’s Us (2019) offer solutions by reconceiving justice in terms of personal and collective transformation, utopian (...)

Aesthetic Knowledge in Aesthetics

Philosophy Through Film in Aesthetics

Varieties of Knowledge, Misc in Epistemology

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The Ontology and Aesthetics of Genre.Evan Malone - 2024 - Philosophy Compass 19 (1):e12958.

Genres inform our appreciative practices. What it takes for a work to be a good work of comedy is different than what it takes for a work to be a good work of horror, and a failure to recognize this will lead to a failure to appreciate comedies or works of horror particularly well. Likewise, it is not uncommon to hear people say that a film or novel is a good work, but not a good work of x (where x (...)

Artworks in Aesthetics

Varieties of Music in Aesthetics

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Macchine Empatiche? "Pluto" di Toshio Kawaguchi.Gianmaria Avellino - 2023 - Fata Morgana Web.

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Ethics and Video Games.Christopher Bartel - 2023 - In James Harold (ed.), Oxford Handbook of Ethics and Art. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.

Ethics in video gaming is broad topic that extends beyond the familiar instances of “moral panics”. This chapter will first divide ethical issues into internal and external moral questions. Roughly, this equates to a distinction between the ethics in games and the ethics of games. The ethical issues internal to video games arise due to both their status as fictions and their status as games. Many games afford players the opportunity to perform violent and vicious acts; however, these are of (...) course fictional actions and are often contextualized as part of the game’s competitive play. This raises the general question whether it can ever be morally wrong to perform some fictional action in a video game. To approach this question, this section will first consider how moral values are inherent within games. Players engage with the embedded moral values of games both at the level of their narratives and their rules. Games become objects for moral reflection, not only through the stories that they tell, but also through the ways in which players are invited to engage actively with those stories. Next, external ethical issues are those that focus on the nature of the gaming industry and gaming cultures. The gaming industry has notoriously struggled with representations of gender and race, both in their workforce and in the games that they produce. Turning to the ecological impacts, the gaming industry is a major source of e-waste through the production of gaming technologies. The hardware used in gaming has a lifecycle that begins with the exploitation of resource-rich developing countries that produce the precious materials used in computer screens and processing chips and ends with those same products being dumped in toxic landfills in other developing countries. Additionally, gaming is a major source of energy consumption, particularly as cloud gaming servers are required to run continuously. When considering the ethics of games, such social and ecological concerns must surely figure in one’s moral calculation. Finally, some moral issues straddle the line between the above distinction between internal and external due to the porous nature of virtual interactivity, particularly regarding multiplayer games. Various gaming cultures struggle with their own ethical issues—from the failure to promote sportsmanship in e-sports to the widespread harassment of players in online platforms. This final section will briefly consider problems with multiplayer games, harassment, and trolling. (shrink)

Technology Ethics, Misc in Applied Ethics

Video Games in Aesthetics

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"Belleza" de Hans-Georg Gadamer y "Belleza y burguesía" de Odo Marquard: Introducción, traducción y notas de Facundo Bey.Facundo Norberto Bey - 2023 - Boletín de Estética 65:73-93.

Resumen: Este texto introduce la primera traducción al español de los textos Schönheit [Belleza] de Hans-Georg Gadamer (trabajo escrito en los años ’70 y que vio la luz en alemán póstumamente en 2007) y Schönheit und Bürgerlichkeit [Belleza y burguesía] de Odo Marquard, publicado también en 2007 como respuesta demorada al trabajo del filósofo de Marburgo. Gadamer explora el desarrollo histórico del concepto de belleza en los siglos XIX y XX, poniendo énfasis en que la belleza siguió y seguirá siendo (...)

Aesthetic Universals in Aesthetics

Arts and Humanities, Misc in Arts and Humanities

Crosscultural Aesthetics in Aesthetics

German Philosophy in European Philosophy

Hans-Georg Gadamer in Continental Philosophy

Film and Television in Arts and Humanities

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Metamodernity, American Transcendentalism and Transhumanism in Japanese Anime.Steven Foertsch - 2023 - In Kaz Hayashi & William Anderson (eds.), Anime, Philosophy and Religion. Vernon Press. pp. 73-98.

Recent theorists of cultural studies have noticed the emergence of metamodernity as an ideal type, categorized by an oscillation between postmodern deconstructivism and modern idealism, into a form of transcendentalism. I argue in this chapter that this type of transcendentalism, informed by the historical American Transcendentalist Movement, is the emerging ideal called “Transhumanism.” I use a case study of five Japanese anime to demonstrate how transhumanist, metamodernist, and transcendental thinking often recur in key core plot points and narratives found within. (...)

States and Nations in Social and Political Philosophy

Social Epistemology in Epistemology

Sociology in Social Sciences

Transcendental Arguments in Metaphilosophy

Transhumanism in Philosophy of Cognitive Science

Visual Arts in Arts and Humanities

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How to Know a City: The Epistemic Value of City Tours.Pilar Lopez-Cantero & Catherine Robb - 2023 - Philosophy of the City Journal 1 (1):31-41.

When travelling to a new city, we acquire knowledge about its physical terrain, directions, historical facts and aesthetic features. Engaging in tourism practices, such as guided walking tours, provides experiences of a city that are necessarily mediated and partial. This has led scholars in tourism studies, and more recently in philosophy, to question the epistemological value of city tours, critiquingthem as passive, lacking in autonomous agency, and providing misrepresentative experiences of the city. In response, we argue that the mediated and (...)

Aesthetic Universals in Aesthetics

Philosophy, Miscellaneous

Crosscultural Aesthetics in Aesthetics

Technology Ethics, Misc in Applied Ethics

Social Epistemology in Epistemology

Social Ethics, Misc in Applied Ethics

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Immoral Artists.Erich Hatala Matthes - 2023 - In James Harold (ed.), Oxford Handbook of Ethics and Art. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.

This chapter offers an overview of issues posed by the problem of immoral artists, artists who in word or deed violate commonly held moral principles. I briefly consider the question of whether the immorality of an artist can render their work aesthetically worse (making connections to chapters in the Theory section of the handbook), and then turn to questions about what the audience should do and feel in response to knowledge of these moral failings. I discuss questions such as whether (...)

Aesthetic Criticism in Aesthetics

Ethics and Culture in Value Theory, Miscellaneous

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An Aesthetics of (Popular) Music Radio.Aaron Meskin - 2023 - Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism 81 (3):330-340.

Philosophy of Music in Aesthetics

Epistemology, Miscellaneous in Epistemology

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GOLEMA XIV prognoza rozwoju ludzkiej cywilizacji a typologia osobliwości technologicznych.Rachel Palm - 2023 - Argument: Biannual Philosophical Journal 13 (1):75–89.

The GOLEM XIV’s forecast for the development of the human civilisation and a typology of technological singularities: In the paper, a conceptual analysis of technological singularity is conducted and results in the concept differentiated into convergent singularity, existential singularity, and forecasting singularity, based on selected works of Ray Kurzweil, Nick Bostrom, and Vernor Vinge respectively. A comparison is made between the variants and the forecast of GOLEM XIV (a quasi-alter ego and character by Stanisław Lem) for the possible development of (...)

Impact of Artificial Intelligence, Misc in Philosophy of Cognitive Science

The Singularity in Philosophy of Cognitive Science

Transhumanism in Philosophy of Cognitive Science

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The Changing Meaning of Kitsch: From Rejection to Acceptance.Max Ryynänen & Paco Barragán (eds.) - 2023 - Palgrave / MacMillan (Springer Verlag).

This book inaugurates a new phase in kitsch studies. Kitsch, an aesthetic slur of the 19th and the 20th century, is increasingly considered a positive term and at the heart of today’s society. Eleven distinguished authors from philosophy, cultural studies and the arts discuss a wide range of topics including beauty, fashion, kitsch in the context of mourning, bio-art, visual arts, architecture and political kitsch. In addition, the editors provide a concise theoretical introduction to the volume and the subject. The (...)

Impact of Artificial Intelligence, Misc in Philosophy of Cognitive Science

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Imagining in Oppressive Contexts, or What’s Wrong with Blackface?Robin Zheng & Nils-Hennes Stear - 2023 - Ethics 133 (3):381-414.

What is objectionable about “blacking up” or other comparable acts of imagining involving unethical attitudes? Can such imaginings be wrong, even if there are no harmful consequences and imaginers are not meant to apply these attitudes beyond the fiction? In this article, we argue that blackface—and imagining in general—can be ethically flawed in virtue of being oppressive, in virtue of either its content or what imaginers do with it, where both depend on how the imagined attitudes interact with the imagining’s (...)

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Teogonia technologiczna. Nominalistyczna koncepcja bóstwa dla transhumanizmu i posthumanizmu.Rachel 'Preppikoma' Palm - 2022 - In Kamila Grabowska-Derlatka, Jakub Gomułka & Rachel 'Preppikoma' Palm (eds.), PhilosophyPulp: Vol. 2. Kraków, Poland: Wydawnictwo Libron. pp. 129–143.

The Singularity in Philosophy of Cognitive Science

Property Nominalism in Metaphysics

Transhumanism in Philosophy of Cognitive Science

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Making a Choice When There Is No "Better Man".Laura M. Bernhardt - 2022 - In Stefano Marino & A. Schembari (eds.), Pearl Jam and philosophy. Bloomsbury Academic. pp. 79-94.

The woman at the heart of Pearl Jam’s “Better Man” (Vitalogy, 1994) is trapped. She has committed herself to a relationship that makes her miserable, but she sees no viable alternative to staying in it. She mourns a past self who might have been able to leave and dreams of a dierent way things might be, but remains unable to move on. It is tempting to view her with a mixture of pity and frustration (reecting some of the personal circumstances (...) -- Eddie Vedder’s mother’s second marriage -- informing its composition). As a moral being, she appears to be hopelessly compromised by her situation, even as she is also doing her best to survive under conditions designed to undermine her autonomy and keep her trapped (as abusive relationships do). The song is not so much critical of her choice to stay as it is confused by and resigned to it. -/- What keeps a person where she so clearly does not want to be? -/- The song itself was, at least early in its recorded life for Pearl Jam, similarly compromised. Vedder appears to have thought of it as too “accessible”, too much of a pop hit for the kind of musical vision he had in mind either for Vs. (for which it had originally been intended) or for Vitalogy; by this point in the band’s career, he was ever more actively resisting success, accessibility, and everything that went with the version of rock star life imposed collectively on the band and on him as an individual. The form that resistance took was an exercise of artistic and other forms of control, sometimes exercised in ways that were destructive or damaging (to the band and its internal relationships, its fame or success, its image, its artistic identity, etc.). -/- What keeps an artist or a band where they so clearly do not want to be? In this chapter, I oer a loose exploration of some possible philosophical approaches to answering the question of what keeps us where we are, like it or not, worked out in parallel through the lyrics of “Better Man” and the circumstances of the song’s eventual arrival Vitalogy. My main interest is in examining the ethical dimensions of the question itself -- what, if anything, are we morally required or expected to do under compromised or compromising conditions? My main suggestion is that answering the question might require of us a messier, more ambivalent, and perhaps more compassionate notion of moral agency, inspired by Simone Weil’s work on affliction. (shrink)

Feminist Aesthetics in Philosophy of Gender, Race, and Sexuality

Philosophy, Miscellaneous

Popular Music in Aesthetics

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Becoming Afflicted, Becoming Virtuous: 'Darkest Dungeon' and the Human Response to Stress.James Cartlidge - 2022 - Games and Culture 18 (2):19.

The developers of Red Hook Studios’ 2016 gothic horror game ‘Darkest Dungeon’ said that they wanted to ‘capture the human response to stress’. This paper analyses how the game does this with its ‘stress’, ‘affliction’ and ‘virtue’ mechanics. With reference to research literature on stress, I show how these mechanics, which could easily have been cheap gimmicks, approach the topic of stress with admirable detail, offering a complex reflection on the various aspects, positive and negative, of several possible human responses (...)

Critical Race Theory in Philosophy of Gender, Race, and Sexuality

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A Critical Utopia for Our Time: Discussing Star Trek’s Philosophy of Peace and Justice.Andrew Fiala, Jennifer Kling & Joseph Orosco - 2022 - The Acorn 22 (1):33-56.

A discussion of José-Antonio Orosco’s new book, Star Trek’s Philosophy of Peace and Justice: A Global, Anti-Racist Approach. Orosco has been finding wisdom in Star Trek episodes since he watched late night reruns with his mother. Then, recently, in honor of the 50th anniversary of Star Trek’s debut, Orosco began to teach the series as source material for peace philosophy. Philosophical concepts can be brought to bear on Star Trek stories; but Orosco argues that the stories also assert philosophical meanings (...)

Justice in Social and Political Philosophy

Peace and Nonviolence in Social and Political Philosophy

Philosophy of Literature, Misc in Aesthetics

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PhilosophyPulp: Vol. 2.Kamila Grabowska-Derlatka, Jakub Gomułka & Rachel 'Preppikoma' Palm (eds.) - 2022 - Kraków, Poland: Wydawnictwo Libron.

Fiction, Misc in Aesthetics

Philosophy of Film, Misc in Aesthetics

Philosophy of Music, Misc in Aesthetics

Philosophy of Specific Arts, Misc in Aesthetics

Philosophy of Visual Art, Misc in Aesthetics

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Against Modernism and Postmodernism on Art and Entertainment: A Kristeller Thesis of Entertainment.Andy Hamilton - 2022 - British Journal of Aesthetics 63 (1):41-56.

This article develops a Wittgensteinian treatment of the relationship between art and entertainment, combining universal and historically conditioned features.

Political Realism and Utopianism in Social and Political Philosophy

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The Post-Dystopian Technorealism of Ted Chiang.James Hughes & Nir Eisikovits - 2022 - Journal of Ethics and Emerging Technologies 32 (1):1-14.

In this article, we argue that Ted Chiang’s short stories offer a realist philosophy of technology, one that charts a third course between the techno-pessimism and techno-optimism that characterize the history of philosophizing about technology and much of the speculative fiction about it. We begin by surveying the history of utopian and skeptical approaches to technology in philosophy and speculative fiction. We then move to discuss two of Chiang’s recent stories and use them to articulate the author’s techno-realism. Chiang’s view, (...)

Technology Ethics, Misc in Applied Ethics

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Women as Open Wounds: Fear, Desire, Disgust and the Ideal Feminine in the Works of Alexander McQueen and John Galliano.Danae Ioannou - 2022 - Popular Inquiry 11 (2):32-47.

Starting from the notion of the Ideal Feminine, this paper discusses the representation of trauma and the portrayal of women as open wounds in the designs of Alexander McQueen and John Galliano. Particularly, I explore how the McQueen’s Deadly Woman and Galliano’s Doll question the boundaries between mortality, sexuality and decay. By examining the relationship between fear, desire and disgust in the aesthetic representation of the wounded fashioned body, I argue that in their works disgust functions as an empowering emotion, (...)

Arts and Humanities, Misc in Arts and Humanities

Fashion in Aesthetics

Feminist Aesthetics in Philosophy of Gender, Race, and Sexuality

Simone de Beauvoir in Continental Philosophy

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The Philosophy of Humor: What makes Something Funny.Chris A. Kramer - 2022 - 1000-Word Philosophy: An Introductory Anthology.

People can laugh at almost anything. What’s the deal with that? What makes something funny? -/- This essay reviews some theories of what it is for something to be funny. Each theory offers insights into this question, but no single approach provides a comprehensive answer.

20th Century Analytic Philosophy in 20th Century Philosophy

Aesthetic Universals in Aesthetics

Arts and Humanities

Crosscultural Aesthetics in Aesthetics

Philosophy, Misc

Value Theory, Miscellaneous

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Drawing the Line: What to Do with the Work of Immoral Artists from Museums to the Movies.Erich Hatala Matthes - 2022 - New York: Oxford University Press USA.

Can we still watch Woody Allen's movies? Can we still laugh at Bill Cosby's jokes? Woody Allen, Kevin Spacey, Dave Chappelle, Louis C. K., J.K. Rowling, Michael Jackson, Roseanne Barr. Recent years have proven rife with revelations about the misdeeds, objectional views, and, in some instances, crimes of popular artists.

Aesthetic Criticism in Aesthetics

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How Museums and Arts Institutions Can Deal with the Problem of Immoral Artists: A Response to Willard.Erich Hatala Matthes - 2022 - British Journal of Aesthetics 62 (4):559-566.

In this essay, I respond to Mary Beth Willard's commentary on Drawing the Line. I focus on responding to a number of questions and objections that Willard poses concerning the role of arts institutions in addressing the problem of immoral artists. Focusing on the case of museums in particular, I defend the idea that they can exercise their power to play a productive and important role in societal conversations about moral criticism of artists.

Aesthetic Criticism in Aesthetics

Applied Ethics

Philosophy of Visual Art in Aesthetics

Feminism: Philosophy of Race in Philosophy of Gender, Race, and Sexuality

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Which Side are You On? The Class Consciousness of Punk.Tiffany Elise Montoya - 2022 - Chicago: Open Universe. Edited by Joshua Heter & Richard Greene.

Both the music and subculture of punk historically arose from disaffected working-class youth. This socio-economic starting point was absolutely crucial for making punk what it is. However, along with this standpoint came various levels of class consciousness that we can see evidence of in the lyrics and in various practices of people within the scene itself. I divide this consciousness into 3 specific levels of structural understanding and agency. Inspired by Georg Lukacs' analysis of class consciousness and Antonio Gramsci's theory (...)

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Uncomfortably Close to Human.Shelley M. Park - 2022 - Feminist Philosophy Quarterly 8 (3).

Social robots are marketed as human tools promising us a better life. This marketing strategy commodifies not only the labor of care but the caregiver as well, conjuring a fantasy of technoliberal futurism that echoes a colonial past. Against techno-utopian fantasies of a good life as one involving engineered domestic help, I draw here on the techno-dystopian television show Humans (stylized HUMⱯNS) to suggest that we should find our desires for such help unsettling. At the core of my argument is (...)

Feminism: Rape and Sexual Violence in Philosophy of Gender, Race, and Sexuality

Film and Television in Arts and Humanities

Philosophy of Sexuality, Miscellaneous in Philosophy of Gender, Race, and Sexuality

Robotics in Philosophy of Cognitive Science

Robot Ethics in Applied Ethics

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Arrested Development as Philosophy: Family First? What We Owe Our Parents.Kristopher G. Phillips - 2022 - Palgrave Handbook of Popular Culture as Philosophy.

Narrator Ron Howard tells us that Arrested Development is the “story of a wealthy family who lost everything, and the one son who had no choice but to keep them all together.” The cult-classic follows Michael Bluth – the middle son of an inept, philandering, corrupt real-estate developer, George Bluth Sr., who is arrested for white-collar crimes. Constantly faced with crises created by his eccentric family, Michael does his best to preserve the family business, put out fires, and serve as (...)

Family Ethics in Applied Ethics

Paternalism in Applied Ethics in Applied Ethics

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'Why Does Jimmy Get to Determine Chuck’s Healthcare?', Better Call Saul and Philosophy : I Think Therefore I Scam.James C. Ross - 2022 - Chicago: Open Universe. Edited by Joshua Heter & Brett Coppenger.

Biomedical Ethics in Applied Ethics

Chrysippus in Ancient Greek and Roman Philosophy

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Let it Go? Elsa, Stoicism, and the “Lazy Argument”.Brendan Shea - 2022 - AndPhilosophy.Com: The Blackwell Philosophy and Pop Culture Series.

Disney’s Frozen (2013) and Frozen 2 (2019) are among the highest-grossing films of all time (IMDb 2021) and are arguably among the most influential works of fantasy produced in the last decade in any medium. The films, based loosely on Hans Christensen Andersen’s “The Snow Queen” (Andersen 2014) focus on the adventures of the sisters Anna and Elsa as they, together with their companions, seek to safeguard their people both from external threats and (importantly) from Elsa’s inabilities to control her (...) magical abilities to summon ice and snow. While Anna’s choices drive much of the action of both films, Elsa has undoubtedly been the more influential and popular of the two characters, as indicated by measures such as merchandise sales (Ellen Byron and Paul Ziobro 2014), Google search data (Play Like Mum 2020), and even baby name choices (Wolfers 2015). -/- Despite her popularity, Elsa is in many ways a paradoxical sort of hero, as she finds her actions all but predetermined by both external and internal forces. This is particularly the case in the first film, where we meet an Elsa who has been born with a power she cannot control, and which appears more as a force of nature than as anything that “belongs” to Elsa. The film’s action is driven, in large part, precisely by Elsa’s failures to exert control over her emotions and abilities. She begins the film by accidentally injuring Anna. This, in turn, causes Elsa to become fearful and withdrawn and to isolate herself from her sister, even after their parents die on a quest to find a cure for Elsa. Elsa's fear and lack of control lead to an even more dire outcome when she inadvertently calls down winter on Arendelle and abandons her people for the mountains. It is only through Anna's devoted quest to rescue her sister, first by pursuing her to the mountains, and later by throwing herself in front of the villainous Hans’ sword attack on her sister, that Elsa (and Arendelle) are saved. Elsa's most active contribution to this is to appreciate the import of Anna's sacrifice and to discover the power of "love" to overcome her fear. -/- What then, are we to make of Elsa as a character? It is the younger sister Anna who corresponds most closely to Gerda, the unquestioned protagonist of Andersen’s original tale, and her character arc fits neatly with the well-known “Hero’s Journey” model for describing myth (Campbell 2020). It is Anna, for example, who goes on a quest, meets a group of motley companions (the human Kristoff, the reindeer Sven, and the magical snowman Olaf), accepts advice from wise elders (the trolls), undergoes a severe trial, and even gets the "reward" of romantic love at the end. All of this has led some scholars (Niemiec and Bretherton 2015; Heit 2019) to hold up Anna, rather than Elsa, as something like the hero of the story. Existing scholarship on Elsa, by contrast, has focused largely on issues related to her gender and sexuality (Law 2014; Lee 2015; Steinhoff 2017; Streiff and Dundes 2017; Dundes, Streiff, and Streiff 2018; Dundes 2020; Llompart and Brugué 2020). In what follows, I’ll be taking a closer look at Elsa’s unique status as a protagonist, and what her struggles with fate reveal about the nature of free will and ethical responsibility. I’ll argue that Elsa provides a useful model of a “Stoic hero” and that her strengths and weaknesses as a character provide valuable insight into an often-misunderstood school of philosophy. My argument will proceed in several stages. I’ll begin by describing the basic tenets of Stoic philosophy, paying special attention to the role of fate and nature. I’ll then move on to a more detailed treatment of Stoic ethics, as exemplified by Elsa’s own character development. I’ll close by considering the infamous “Lazy Argument” against. (shrink)

Epictetus in Ancient Greek and Roman Philosophy

Hellenistic and Later Ancient Philosophy, Misc in Ancient Greek and Roman Philosophy

Marcus Aurelius in Ancient Greek and Roman Philosophy

Seneca in Ancient Greek and Roman Philosophy

Stoics, Misc in Ancient Greek and Roman Philosophy

Zeno of Citium in Ancient Greek and Roman Philosophy

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Compassion and Moral Responsibility in Avatar: The Last Airbender: “I was never angry; I was afraid that you had lost your way”.Robert H. Wallace - 2022 - In Helen De Cruz & Johan De Smedt (eds.), Avatar: The Last Airbender and Philosophy: Wisdom From Aang to Zuko. Wiley-Blackwell. pp. 197-205..

This public philosophy piece examines moral responsibility and alternatives to angry blame as exemplified in the TV show Avatar: The Last Airbender.

Anger in Normative Ethics

Blame in Normative Ethics

Forgiveness in Normative Ethics

Moral Responsibility in Meta-Ethics

Philosophy of Computation, Misc in Philosophy of Computing and Information

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Artistas mecánicos: Una mirada a la capacidad estética de máquinas y algoritmos desde la música pop y el pop art.Leonardo Arriagada - 2021 - Calle 14 Revista De Investigación En El Campo Del Arte 16 (29):54-66.

A pesar de los enormes avances que ha tenido la inteligencia artificial (IA) y la robótica, aún es polémico afirmar que una máquina pueda crear arte. Contrario a esta visión, propongo que tras la negación de las capacidades estéticas de las máquinas subyace un sesgo antropocéntrico. Para ilustrar lo anterior tomo ejemplos sobre el rol de las máquinas en la música y arte pop. He seleccionado estos géneros pues históricamente han incorporado de buena forma las novedades tecnológicas. En definitiva, este (...)

Art and Artworks, Misc in Aesthetics

Feminist Aesthetics in Philosophy of Gender, Race, and Sexuality

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"Hands Tied: a roundtable on Maria Lassnig and Ayesha Hameed" (5th edition).Rachel Aumiller, Sam Dolbear, Nadine El-Enany, Amelia Groom, Clio Nicastro, Anja Sunhyun Michaelsen & M. Ty - 2021 - Another Gaze: A Journal for Film and Feminism 5:34-42.

'Hands Tied' brings together two very different films about hands: Maria Lassnig's Palmistry (1973) and Ayesha Hameed's A Rough History (of the Destruction of Fingerprints) (2016). These works are contextualised and their scope extended further by a roundtable discussion featuring participants Rachel Aumiller, Sam Dolbear, Nadine El-Enany, Amelia Groom, Clio Nicastro, Anja Sunhyun Michaelsen, and M. Ty., who discuss their relation to fate, work, pleasure, touch, and surveillance.

Phenomenology in Continental Philosophy

Philosophy of Film in Aesthetics

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Dave Chappelle Says He Doesn't Mean It So Just Shut Up Already.Steven Burgess - 2021 - In Mark Ralkowski (ed.), Dave Chappelle and Philosophy. Chicago: Popular Culture and Philosophy.

Atheism and Agnosticism in Philosophy of Religion

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“Teach Me To Do What’s Right”: Faith, Hope, and Love as Post-Religious Virtues.A. G. Holdier - 2021 - Journal for Cultural and Religious Theory 20 (3).

According to Thomas Aquinas, what distinguishes the theological from the cardinal virtues is the nature of their object: the latter aim at the natural excellence of humans, while the former direct us beyond ourselves to focus on the Divine. This paper considers the cinematic work of Drew Goddard — in particular, his 2018 film _Bad Times at the El Royale_ — as a post-religious response to Aquinas, insofar as it retains and re-presents Faith, Hope, and Love as valuable elements of (...)

Faith in Philosophy of Religion

Film and Television in Arts and Humanities

Philosophy Through Film in Aesthetics

Religious Imagination in Philosophy of Religion

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Talk about Pop Muzik: Discussion of Enrico Terrone, ‘Listening to Other Minds: A Phenomenology of Pop Songs’, BJA 60 (2020), 435–453.Nicholas Wiltsher - 2021 - British Journal of Aesthetics 61 (4):471-483.

In ‘Listening to Other Minds’, Enrico Terrone provides an account of the mental activity in which we ought to engage to appreciate pop music. He argues that we should ‘play a game of make-believe’ in which we imagine that we can ‘hear … the mind’ of a fictional character. We should use this ability to grasp the thoughts and feelings that the mind contains, and thus undertake ‘exploration’ of the character’s ‘inner life’. This article argues, first, that only a simplified (...)

Normative Approaches to Legal Reasoning in Philosophy of Law

Popular Music in Aesthetics

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A Paragon of Righteous Virtue.Robert Elliott Allinson - 2020 - In Heather L. Rivera & Robert Arp (eds.), Perry Mason and Philosophy: The Case of the Awesome Attorney. Open Court Press. pp. 11-27.

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Rache. Über einen blinden Fleck der Moderne.Fabian Bernhardt - 2020 - Berlin, Deutschland: Matthes & Seitz.

Die Moderne nimmt für sich in Anspruch, die Rache glücklich überwunden und durch die Herrschaft des Rechts ersetzt zu haben. Seit der Aufklärung gilt die Rache nicht nur als Gegenspielerin des Rechts, sondern als das dunkle Andere der Moderne überhaupt. In seiner groß angelegten kulturgeschichtlichen Studie liest Fabian Bernhardt diese bislang kaum hinterfragte Fortschrittserzählung gegen den Strich. Batman tritt neben Achilles, der Potlatsch neben 9/11, Marcel Mauss trifft auf Immanuel Kant – in einer Verbindung aus philosophischer Reflexion, kulturanthropologischem Zugriff und (...)

Social and Political Philosophy

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Subversive Humor as Art and the Art of Subversive Humor.Chris A. Kramer - 2020 - The Philosophy of Humor Yearbook 1 (1):153–179.

This article investigates the relationships between forms of humor that conjure up possible worlds and real-world social critiques. The first part of the article will argue that subversive humor, which is from or on behalf of historically and continually marginalized communities, constitutes a kind of aesthetic experience that can elicit enjoyment even in adversarial audiences. The second part will be a connecting piece, arguing that subversive humor can be constructed as brief narrative thought experiments that employ the use of fictionalized (...)

Philosophy of Gender, Race, and Sexuality

Political Ethics in Applied Ethics

Social and Political Philosophy

Social Ethics in Applied Ethics

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5 citations

Games: Agency as Art.C. Thi Nguyen - 2020 - New York: Oxford University Press.

Games occupy a unique and valuable place in our lives. Game designers do not simply create worlds; they design temporary selves. Game designers set what our motivations are in the game and what our abilities will be. Thus: games are the art form of agency. By working in the artistic medium of agency, games can offer a distinctive aesthetic value. They support aesthetic experiences of deciding and doing. -/- And the fact that we play games shows something remarkable about us. (...)

Aesthetic Value in Aesthetics

Aesthetics, Miscellaneous in Aesthetics

Art and Artworks in Aesthetics

Autonomy and Agency in Philosophy of Action

Games in Social and Political Philosophy

Philosophy of Sport in Social and Political Philosophy

Practical Reason in Philosophy of Action

Video Games in Aesthetics

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54 citations

The arts of action.C. Thi Nguyen - 2020 - Philosophers' Imprint 20 (14):1-27.

The theory and culture of the arts has largely focused on the arts of objects, and neglected the arts of action – the “process arts”. In the process arts, artists create artifacts to engender activity in their audience, for the sake of the audience’s aesthetic appreciation of their own activity. This includes appreciating their own deliberations, choices, reactions, and movements. The process arts include games, urban planning, improvised social dance, cooking, and social food rituals. In the traditional object arts, the (...)

Artworks in Aesthetics

Dance in Aesthetics

Games in Social and Political Philosophy

Philosophy of Sport in Social and Political Philosophy

Gilles Deleuze in Continental Philosophy

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Fake News and Ecstatic Truths: Alternative Facts in Lessons of Darkness.Kyle Novak - 2020 - In M. Blake Wilson & Christopher Turner (eds.), The Philosophy of Werner Herzog. Lanham, MD 20706, USA: Rowman & Littlefield.

This chapter draws a connection between Herzog’s falsified epigraph to Lessons of Darkness and Kellyanne Conway’s claim that there are “alternative facts”. Philosophers have a commitment to the truth, but in cases like Herzog’s quote or Trump’s inauguration it’s very easy to fact-check. Being a good citizen may require that from us, but doing so leaves little to resolve philosophically. Thus, if Herzog raises a question about finding truth in an age of “alt-facts” and “fake news”, then it must be (...)

Nietzsche: Truth in 19th Century Philosophy

Theories of Truth in Philosophy of Language

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Art works for isolates.Paul O'Halloran - 2020 - Dissertation, University of Melbourne

In a Covid-19 world, everyone’s circumstances changed. Most of us are living and or working in quarantine or lockdown. There is evidence that lockdown itself can have serious negative psychological impact (Brooks et al., 2020). Nonetheless, strategies are being proposed which, arguably, mitigate these harms. Artmaking is one such strategy. As ‘art therapy’, it has been usefully deployed to address a wide range of mental health challenges including anxiety, depression, fatigue and post-traumatic stress (Regev & Cohen-Yatziv, 2018). Given that these (...) self-same impacts profile the mental health challenges identified in relation to pandemic isolation, art may be useful in mitigating mental health issues associated with lockdown. This paper does not address how the role art can play in the therapeutic mix for serious mental health disorders. More specifically it is focused on a narrower brief of ills – predominantly those associated with boredom and a loss of stimulation associated with the constrained circumstances of lockdown. The kind of ‘art therapy’ this paper has in mind is more accurately described as ‘art engagement’ as it concerns individuals actively engaging with art. Art engagement is taken as self-administered utilising the time-out imposed by lockdown as an opportunity to take stock and reset. I will argue that to be of optimal benefit to people in lockdown, the art engagement model should support art practices that are easily accessible to a wide range of people, and be broadly scoped regarding areas to explore. Finally, because the benefits flowing from art engagement are central to this quest, our art engagement model will need to be able to track how art enriches or impoverishes its practitioners. This paper will set up a framework for art engagement that provides an apt account of art practices suited to people in lockdown. I will examine how the resolution of two art puzzles point the way forward in developing an art engagement model. Adventitiously, understanding these puzzles will also prove useful for art making in constrained living arrangements. Managing the first of these puzzles requires a rejection of the notion that art can be determinately defined. Instead we opt for a model that privileges practices and products that enrich the lives of practitioners. The second puzzle assumes creativity relies to varying degrees on appropriation and so appropriation acts need to be included in the model. However, this comes at a cost. Appropriation disrupts any notion that art works are stable things situated forever in the realm of art. It will be shown that appropriation causes us to adopt a more expansive view about the fluidity of what counts as an artwork. This fluidity may take us into and out of the realm of what is traditionally thought of as ‘art’ entirely and leads us to abandon any dependency on art masters and art institutions in our artmaking quests. The paper will conclude by using the model described to outline three art engagement examples that demonstrate how sometimes ordinary everyday experiences can be enriched by taking an art-engaging stance even in the highly constrained environment of lockdown. (shrink)

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A Comedian and a Fascist Walk into Freud's Bar: On the Mass Character of Stand‐Up Comedy.Martin Shuster - 2020 - Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism 78 (4):525-534.

This article explores the psychoanalytic points of commonality between stand‐up comedy shows and fascist rallies, arguing that both are concerned with the creation of a “mass” audience. The article explores the political significance of this analogy by arguing that while stand‐up shows are not as regressive as fascist rallies, their “mass” character does run counter to any political aspirations they may have toward the end of critical consciousness raising.

Aesthetics, Miscellaneous in Aesthetics

Continental Philosophy

Humour in Aesthetics

Moral Phenomena in Normative Ethics

Moral Psychology in Normative Ethics

Social Ethics in Applied Ethics

Topics in Aesthetics in Aesthetics

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From Tomas Kulka on Kitsch and Art to Art as a Singular Rule.Doron Avital & Karolina Dolanska - 2019 - Espes 8 (2):17-27.

Tomas Kulka’s celebrated body of work on aesthetics has its logical groundings among other influences in the work of Karl Popper in the philosophy of science and Nelson Goodman on art and symbolic systems. I will revisit these two anchors to draw the philosophical move Tomas takes in his Kitsch and Art and use it to further a philosophical move of my own aiming at the very logical core of the question of art.

The Definition of Art in Aesthetics

20th Century Analytic Philosophy, Misc in 20th Century Philosophy

Visual Arts in Arts and Humanities

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Seeing things and screening reality. A review of “Philosophy and Film. Bridging Divides”. [REVIEW]Diana Bulzan - 2019 - Revista de Filosofie Aplicata 2 (3):124-131.

Continental Philosophy, Miscellaneous in Continental Philosophy

Film Theory, Misc in Aesthetics

Philosophy of Film, Misc in Aesthetics