Results for ' Under‐represented Groups'

981 found
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  1.  11
    Under-represented groups in philosophy (26th-27th November 2010).Jules Holroyd & Alessandra Tanesini - 2012 - Humana.Mente Journal of Philosophical Studies 22:243-249.
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  2. Social Connectedness in Physical Isolation: Online Teaching Practices That Support Under-Represented Undergraduate Students’ Feelings of Belonging and Engagement in STEM.Ian Thacker, Viviane Seyranian, Alex Madva, Nicole T. Duong & Paul Beardsley - 2022 - Education Sciences 12 (2):61-82.
    The COVID-19 outbreak spurred unplanned closures and transitions to online classes. Physical environments that once fostered social interaction and community were rendered inactive. We conducted interviews and administered surveys to examine undergraduate STEM students’ feelings of belonging and engagement while in physical isolation, and identified online teaching modes associated with these feelings. Surveys from a racially diverse group of 43 undergraduate students at a Hispanic Serving Institution (HSI) revealed that interactive synchronous instruction was positively associated with feelings of interest and (...)
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  3.  11
    Why Diversity Matters: Understanding and Applying the Diversity Component of the National Science Foundation’s Broader Impacts Criterion.Kristen Intemann - 2009 - Social Epistemology 23 (3):249-266.
    Despite the National Science Foundation's recent clarification of the Broader Impacts Criterion used in grant evaluation, it is not clear that this criterion is being understood or applied consistently by grant writers or reviewers. In particular, there is still confusion about how to interpret the requirement for broadening the participation of under-represented groups in science and scepticism about the value of doing so. Much of this stems from uncertainty about why the participation of under-represented groups is desirable or (...)
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  4.  8
    Natural groups of transformations underlying apparent motion and perceived object shape and color.David H. Foster - 2001 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 24 (4):665-668.
    Shepard's analysis of how shape, motion, and color are perceptually represented can be generalized. Apparent motion and shape may be associated with a group of spatial transformations, accounting for rigid and plastic motion, and perceived object color may be associated with a group of illuminant transformations, accounting for the discriminability of surface-reflectance changes and illuminant changes beyond daylight. The phenomenological and mathematical parallels between these perceptual domains may indicate common organizational rules, rather than specific ecological adaptations. [Barlow; Hecht; Kubovy & (...)
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  5.  11
    Representing vulnerable populations in genetic studies: The case of the Roma.Veronika Lipphardt, Gudrun A. Rappold & Mihai Surdu - 2021 - Science in Context 34 (1):69-100.
    ArgumentMoreau (2019) has raised concerns about the use of DNA data obtained from vulnerable populations, such as the Uighurs in China. We discuss another case, situated in Europe and with a research history dating back 100 years: genetic investigations of Roma. In our article, we focus on problems surrounding representativity in these studies. We claim that many of the circa 440 publications in our sample neglect the methodological and conceptual challenges of representativity. Moreover, authors do not account for problematic misrepresentations (...)
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  6.  10
    Recruitment of minority ethnic groups into clinical cancer research trials to assess adherence to the principles of the Department of Health Research Governance Framework: national sources of data and general issues arising from a study in one hospital trust in England.S. Godden, G. Ambler & A. M. Pollock - 2010 - Journal of Medical Ethics 36 (6):358-362.
    Background This article describes the issues encountered when designing a study to evaluate recruitment of minority ethnic groups into clinical cancer research in order to monitor adherence to the principles for good practice set out in the Department of Health, Research Governance Framework, England. Methods (i) A review of routine data sources to determine whether their usefulness as a source of data on prevalence of cancer in the population by ethnic category. (ii) A local case study at one hospital (...)
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  7. Religion as Make-Believe: a theory of belief, imagination, and group identity.Neil Van Leeuwen - 2023 - Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
    We often assume that religious beliefs are no different in kind from ordinary factual beliefs—that believing in the existence of God or of supernatural entities that hear our prayers is akin to believing that May comes before June. Neil Van Leeuwen shows that, in fact, these two forms of belief are strikingly different. Our brains do not process religious beliefs like they do beliefs concerning mundane reality; instead, empirical findings show that religious beliefs function like the imaginings that guide make-believe (...)
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  8.  10
    IRBs under the microscope.Jonathan D. Moreno - 1998 - Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal 8 (3):329-337.
    In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:IRBs Under the MicroscopeJonathan D. Moreno (bio)The spring and summer of 1998 were seasons in the sun for institutional review board (IRB) aficionados. Rarely have the arcana of the local human subjects review panels been treated to so much attention in both the executive and the legislative branches of government, not only at the federal but also at the state level. And it looks as if the attention will (...)
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  9. Are transparency and representativeness of values hampering scientific pluralism?Jeroen Van Bouwel - 2021 - In Péter Hartl & Adam Tamas Tuboly (eds.), Science, Freedom, Democracy. New York, Egyesült Államok: Routledge. pp. 181-205.
    It is increasingly accepted by philosophers of science that values influence the scientific process. The next question is then: under what conditions is the influence of values justifiable? Elliott (2017) highlights three conditions, namely value influences should be (1) made transparent, (2) representative of our major social and ethical priorities, (3) scrutinized through engagement between different stakeholders. Here, I analyze Elliott’s conditions (1) and (2). The first condition, transparency, brings benefits, but also has its drawbacks, in particular in relation to (...)
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  10.  12
    Interpersonal Physiological Synchrony Predicts Group Cohesion.Alon Tomashin, Ilanit Gordon & Sebastian Wallot - 2022 - Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 16.
    A key emergent property of group social dynamic is synchrony–the coordination of actions, emotions, or physiological processes between group members. Despite this fact and the inherent nested structure of groups, little research has assessed physiological synchronization between group members from a multi-level perspective, thus limiting a full understanding of the dynamics between members. To address this gap of knowledge we re-analyzed a large dataset comprising physiological and psychological data that were collected in two laboratory studies that involved two different (...)
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  11.  22
    Hobbes on rebellious groups.Jerónimo Rilla - 2021 - History of European Ideas 47 (1):1-16.
    ABSTRACT In this paper we deal with Hobbes’s elucidation of the political conflict caused by rebellious groups. First of all, we attempt to prove that groups are important characters in Hobbesian antagonisms. Secondly, it will be argued that the isomorphic structure that underlies all associations is vital to account for these disputes. To wit, the fact that minor corporate bodies are ‘similar’ vis à vis the State leaves a lengthy flank open to rebellion, since this homology may encourage (...)
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  12.  3
    Vulnerable Voices: An examination of the concept of vulnerability in relation to student voice.Denise Claire Batchelor - 2006 - Educational Philosophy and Theory 38 (6):787-800.
    Vulnerable student voices are a matter for concern in contemporary higher education, but that concern is directed more towards identifying vulnerable groups, and seeking to widen their participation in higher education. It is less to do with the vulnerability of certain modes of voice when students are there. The concept of student voice may be anatomised into three constituent elements: an epistemological voice, or a voice for knowing, a practical voice, or a voice for doing, and an ontological voice, (...)
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  13.  8
    How the CIOMS guidelines contribute to fair inclusion of pregnant women in research.Rieke van der Graaf, Indira S. E. Van der Zande & Johannes J. M. Van Delden - 2018 - Bioethics 33 (3):377-383.
    As early as 2002, CIOMS stated that pregnant women should be presumed eligible for participation in research. Despite this position and calls of other well‐recognized organizations, the health needs of pregnant women in research remain grossly under‐researched. Although the presumption of eligibility remains unchanged, the revision of the 2002 CIOMS International ethical guidelines for biomedical research involving human subjects involved a substantive rewrite of the guidance on research with pregnant women and related guidelines, such as those on fair inclusion and (...)
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  14.  8
    How the CIOMS guidelines contribute to fair inclusion of pregnant women in research.Rieke van der Graaf, Indira S. E. van der Zande & Johannes J. M. van Delden - 2018 - Bioethics 33 (3):377-383.
    As early as 2002, CIOMS stated that pregnant women should be presumed eligible for participation in research. Despite this position and calls of other well‐recognized organizations, the health needs of pregnant women in research remain grossly under‐researched. Although the presumption of eligibility remains unchanged, the revision of the 2002 CIOMS International ethical guidelines for biomedical research involving human subjects involved a substantive rewrite of the guidance on research with pregnant women and related guidelines, such as those on fair inclusion and (...)
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  15.  3
    From the borders to centre stage: Photographic self-portraiture.Elisavet Kalpaxi - 2014 - Philosophy of Photography 5 (1):65-76.
    This article examines photographic self-portraiture and investigates what happens when the genre’s proximity to conceptual borders – between the centre and the margins, self and other, normal and deviant behaviour, consciousness and unconsciousness – are crossed. Drawing on psychoanalytic and semiotic theories, and the history of the self-portrait, this article investigates the negativity ascribed to self-portraiture, its association with identity politics and social media, and problems of reference arising in contemporary artworks. The article starts out from the premise that the (...)
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  16.  14
    Toward a Compassionate Intersectional Neuroscience: Increasing Diversity and Equity in Contemplative Neuroscience.Helen Y. Weng, Mushim P. Ikeda, Jarrod A. Lewis-Peacock, Maria T. Chao, Duana Fullwiley, Vierka Goldman, Sasha Skinner, Larissa G. Duncan, Adam Gazzaley & Frederick M. Hecht - 2020 - Frontiers in Psychology 11.
    Mindfulness and compassion meditation are thought to cultivate prosocial behavior. However, the lack of diverse representation within both scientific and participant populations in contemplative neuroscience may limit generalizability and translation of prior findings. To address these issues, we propose a research framework calledIntersectional Neurosciencewhich adapts research procedures to be more inclusive of under-represented groups. Intersectional Neuroscience builds inclusive processes into research design using two main approaches: 1) community engagement with diverse participants, and 2) individualized multivariate neuroscience methods to accommodate (...)
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  17.  9
    Deep Pluralism and Intentional Course Design: Diversity From the Ground Up.Shannon Dea - 2017 - Rivista di Estetica 64:66-82.
    Diversity is becoming a watchword in philosophy. Increasingly, philosophers are working to diversify their syllabi, their journals, their textbooks, and their conferences. Admirable as this movement is, this approach to diversity can often be rather mechanistic in character – a mere totting-up of the number of women or members of under-represented groups on programmes and in tables of contents. Drawing on my work reconstructing and teaching a very diverse history of philosophy canon, I argue that a student-centred, inquiry-based pedagogy (...)
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  18. Informal Proceedings from the Panel Discussion on Diversity.Carmen Maria Marcous, Shelley Park & Brook J. Sadler - 2014 - Florida Philosophical Review 14 (1):24-25.
    Recently, Anglo-American philosophy has become something of a scandal. The disturbing lack of women and minorities in the field, combined with revelations of institutional discrimination and sexual harassment in several departments of Philosophy, have placed philosophy in the national and international spotlight. Women, racial and ethnic minorities, and other under-represented groups in the discipline have created blogs, conferences, task forces, guides, and other sites to give voice to, and address the concerns of, the philosophically marginalized. It is this background (...)
     
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  19.  10
    I Say Tomato, You Say Domate:Differential Reactions to English-only Workplace Policies by Persons from Immigrant and Non-immigrantFamilies.Joerg Dietz & S. Pugh - 2004 - Journal of Business Ethics 52 (4):365-379.
    Immigrants now compose approximately 12 of the population of the United States and a sizable proportion of the workforce. Yet in contrast to research on other traditionally under-represented groups (e.g., women, African Americans), there are relatively few studies on issues related to being an immigrant in the U.S. workforce. This study examined English-only workplace policies, focusing on reactions to business justifications – explanations that justify managerial decisions as business necessities – for these policies. We contrasted the reactions of individuals (...)
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  20.  25
    A Reply to Louis P. Pojman’s Article "The Case Against Affirmative Action".Sooraj Kumar Maurya - 2020 - Conatus 5 (2):87.
    Affirmative action is a public policy purposed to compensate the victims of injustice at the cost of priviledged groups; hence to some it appears as opposing the notion of equality and being against human dignity. Thinkers like Leslie Pickering Francis and John Rawls, on the other hand, argue that affirmative action policies should be implemented for the sake of the oppressed and under-represented groups. Louis P. Pojman in his article “The Case Against Affirmative Action” sets forth nine arguments (...)
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  21. Technology for Healthy Aging and Wellbeing: Co-producing Solutions.Arlene J. Astell, Jacob A. Andrews, Matthew R. Bennion & David Clayton - 2021 - Frontiers in Psychology 12.
    Methods to facilitate co-production in mental health are important for engaging end users. As part of the Technology for Healthy Aging and Wellbeing initiative we organized two interactive co-production workshops, to bring together older adults, health and social care professionals, non-governmental organizations, and researchers. In the first workshop, we used two activities: Technology Interaction and Scavenger Hunt, to explore the potential for different stakeholders to discuss late life mental health and existing technology. In the second workshop, we used Vignettes, Scavenger (...)
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  22.  4
    Imagining New Social Legal Futures: A Sociolinguistic Analysis of Pre-Law Students’ Experiences with Discourse Communities of Legal Practice.Courtney Hanny - 2016 - International Journal for the Semiotics of Law - Revue Internationale de Sémiotique Juridique 29 (1):87-120.
    This paper considers the ways that concepts such as social justice and law were used as semiotic objects-in-tension by a group of five US undergraduates considering law school to make sense of their ideas about entering the discourse communities and communities of practice associated with being a lawyer. This group was made up of undergraduate women who had completed a summer residency program sponsored by the Law School Admissions Council to increase enrollment of students from under-represented groups. Of the (...)
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  23.  41
    Deliberation, cognitive diversity, and democratic inclusiveness: an epistemic argument for the random selection of representatives.Hélène Landemore - 2013 - Synthese 190 (7):1209-1231.
    This paper argues in favor of the epistemic properties of inclusiveness in the context of democratic deliberative assemblies and derives the implications of this argument in terms of the epistemically superior mode of selection of representatives. The paper makes the general case that, all other things being equal and under some reasonable assumptions, more is smarter. When applied to deliberative assemblies of representatives, where there is an upper limit to the number of people that can be included in the group, (...)
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  24.  18
    Academic Misconduct in Nigerian Medical Schools-A Report from Focus Group Discussions among House Officers.Onochie Ike Okoye, Ferdinand Maduka-Okafor, Rita Chimuanya Matthias, Anthonia Udeaja & Abali I. Chuku - 2018 - Journal of Academic Ethics 16 (3):275-285.
    Concern is growing as research continues to find evidence of academic misconduct among medical students. There is, however, paucity of information on this issue among medical students and medical graduates in Africa. We determined the perceptions and attitude of house officers on academic misconduct within Nigerian medical schools. We conducted 7 focus group discussions among pre-registration house-officers working in a Nigerian Teaching hospital between October and November 2013. A FGD guide containing 7 broad questions related to their perception and attitude (...)
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  25.  14
    Against autonomy: How proposed solutions to the problems of living wills forgot its underlying principle.Laurel Mast - 2019 - Bioethics 34 (3):264-271.
    Significant criticisms have been raised regarding the ethical and psychological basis of living wills. Various solutions to address these criticisms have been advanced, such as the use of surrogate decision makers alone or data science‐driven algorithms. These proposals share a fundamental weakness: they focus on resolving the problems of living wills, and, in the process, lose sight of the underlying ethical principle of advance care planning, autonomy. By suggesting that the same sweeping solutions, without opportunities for choice, be applied to (...)
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  26. Hannah Arendt and Susan Griffin: Toward a Feminist Metahistory.Shari Stone-Mediatore - 2000 - In Cecile Thérèse Tougas & Sara Ebenreck (eds.), Presenting women philosophers. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.
    Efforts to introduce particular-focused and emotionally engaged storytelling into historiography have sparked intense debate. Stone-Mediatore argues that women and other under-represented groups have a particular interest in defending the epistemic value of storytelling, but that we can do so meaningfully -- not by endorsing all storytelling -- but only by articulating a metahistory that challenges the division between history and story as well as makes explicit the interrelated epistemic and ethical goals of historical inquiry. The author draws on Hannah (...)
     
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  27.  9
    Vulnerable voices: An examination of the concept of vulnerability in relation to student voice.Denise Claire Batchelor - 2006 - Educational Philosophy and Theory 38 (6):787–800.
    Vulnerable student voices are a matter for concern in contemporary higher education, but that concern is directed more towards identifying vulnerable groups, and seeking to widen their participation in higher education. It is less to do with the vulnerability of certain modes of voice when students are there. The concept of student voice may be anatomised into three constituent elements: an epistemological voice, or a voice for knowing, a practical voice, or a voice for doing, and an ontological voice, (...)
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  28.  6
    Estimation for Akshaya Failure Model with Competing Risks under Progressive Censoring Scheme with Analyzing of Thymic Lymphoma of Mice Application.Tahani A. Abushal, Jitendra Kumar, Abdisalam Hassan Muse & Ahlam H. Tolba - 2022 - Complexity 2022:1-27.
    In several experiments of survival analysis, the cause of death or failure of any subject may be characterized by more than one cause. Since the cause of failure may be dependent or independent, in this work, we discuss the competing risk lifetime model under progressive type-II censored where the removal follows a binomial distribution. We consider the Akshaya lifetime failure model under independent causes and the number of subjects removed at every failure time when the removal follows the binomial distribution (...)
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  29.  3
    The MCA Under Scrutiny: Meeting the Challenges of CRPD Compliance.Wayne Martin - unknown
    In the Spring and Summer of 2014, a group of experts convened a series of meetings at the Westminster headquarters of the UK Ministry of Justice in order to determine whether the Mental Capacity Act 2005 complies with the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. The meetings were organised by the research team of the Essex Autonomy Project, a research and public policy initiative funded by the Arts and Humanities Research Council and based at the University (...)
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  30. Attitudes Toward Mandatory COVID-19 Vaccination in Germany A representative analysis of data from the socio-economic panel for the year 2021.Christoph Schmidt-Petri, Carsten Schröder & Thomas Rieger - 2022 - Deutsches Ärzteblatt International 119:335-41.
    Background: Adequate immunity to COVID-19 apparently cannot be attained in Germany by voluntary vaccination alone, and therefore the introduction of mandatory COVID-19 vaccination is still under consideration. We present findings on the potential acceptance of such a requirement by the German population, and we report on the reasons given for accepting or rejecting it and how these reasons vary according to population subgroup. -/- Methods: We used representative data from the Socio-Economic Panel for the period January to December 2021. We (...)
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  31.  19
    Patient distrust in pharmaceutical companies: an explanation for women under-representation in respiratory clinical trials?Laurie Pahus, Carey Meredith Suehs, Laurence Halimi, Arnaud Bourdin, Pascal Chanez, Dany Jaffuel, Julie Marciano, Anne-Sophie Gamez, Isabelle Vachier & Nicolas Molinari - 2020 - BMC Medical Ethics 21 (1):1-8.
    BackgroundPatient skepticism concerning medical innovations can have major consequences for current public health and may threaten future progress, which greatly relies on clinical research.The primary objective of this study is to determine the variables associated with patient acceptation or refusal to participate in clinical research. Specifically, we sought to evaluate if distrust in pharmaceutical companies and associated psychosocial factors could represent a recruitment bias in clinical trials and thus threaten the applicability of their results.MethodsThis prospective, multicenter survey consisted in the (...)
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  32.  5
    Delinquency, Crime and Order under Debate.Maximiliano E. Korstanje - 2009 - Cultura 6 (1):119-129.
    Western societies characterize by promoting material well-being enrooted in legal-rational administration as a form of development. Although, the study of crime has been broadly studied in recent years, many scholars devoted attention in analysing the bridge between authority and penitentiaries. This paper obliges us to rethink the relationship between mythopoeia, punishment and crime. Social deviation is often represented as a taboo wherein offender is loathed. Each group in different ways legitimates their own ways of economical production. Our modern capitalist world (...)
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  33.  1
    Welfare of Foxes and Earthdogs Used in Den Trials in Countries of the Visegrad Group.Renata Karolova, Daniela Takacova, Peter Lazar, Adriana Iglodyova, Ladislav Takac & Adam Rogers - 2020 - Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics 33 (2):219-237.
    The purpose of den trials is to assess innate ability and preparedness of dachshunds and terriers to work in natural beds in order to control fox numbers. International earthdog trials within the period 2009–2018 were evaluated in Slovakia, in which 1812 dogs participated, of which terriers represented 61.36% and dachshunds 38.64%. Depending on the way of work, dogs of these breeds work as bayer, bolter or hard dog. The test rules were compared in terms of animal protection, principles of ethics (...)
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  34.  11
    Construction and Deconstruction of Essence in Representating Social Groups: Identity Projects, Stereotyping, and Racism.Wolfgang Wagner, Peter Holtz & Yoshihisa Kashima - 2009 - Journal for the Theory of Social Behaviour 39 (3):363-383.
    Projecting essence onto a social category means to think, talk, and act as if the category were a discrete natural kind and as if its members were all endowed with the same immutable attributes determined by the category's essence. Essentializing may happen implicitly or on purpose in representing ingroups and outgroups. We argue that essentializing is a versatile representational tool that is used to create identity in groups with chosen membership in order to make the group appear as a (...)
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  35.  7
    Delinquency, Crime and Order under Debate.Maximiliano E. Korstanje - 2009 - Cultura 6 (1):119-129.
    Western societies characterize by promoting material well-being enrooted in legal-rational administration as a form of development. Although, the study of crime has been broadly studied in recent years, many scholars devoted attention in analysing the bridge between authority and penitentiaries. This paper obliges us to rethink the relationship between mythopoeia, punishment and crime. Social deviation is often represented as a taboo wherein offender is loathed. Each group in different ways legitimates their own ways of economical production. Our modern capitalist world (...)
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  36. Majority Rule, Rights, Utilitarianism, and Bayesian Group Decision Theory: Philosophical Essays in Decision-Theoretic Aggregation.Mathias Risse - 2000 - Dissertation, Princeton University
    My dissertation focuses on problems that arise when a group makes decisions that are in reasonable ways connected to the beliefs and values of the group members. These situations are represented by models of decision-theoretic aggregation: Suppose a model of individual rationality in decision-making applies to each of a group of agents. Suppose this model also applies to the group as a whole, and that this group model is aggregated from the individual models. Two questions arise. First, what sets of (...)
     
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  37.  14
    Is there a sound democratic case for raising the membership of young people in political parties and trade unions through descriptive representation?Thomas Tozer - 2018 - Intergenerational Justice Review 4 (2).
    Young people are seriously under-represented in both political parties and trade unions. I argue that a dependent conception of democracy interested in substantive equality, not merely formal equality, would support addressing this problem through descriptive representation. The essay begins by considering the requirements of democracy, and whether these can support a case for descriptive representation. Although descriptive representation entails democratic costs, there is a contingent case for group representation that is consistent with the aims of democracy. Young people, moreover, satisfy (...)
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  38.  3
    Is there a sound democratic case for raising the membership of young people in political parties and trade unions through descriptive representation?Thomas Tozer - 2018 - Intergenerational Justice Review 4 (2).
    Young people are seriously under-represented in both political parties and trade unions. I argue that a dependent conception of democracy interested in substantive equality, not merely formal equality, would support addressing this problem through descriptive representation. The essay begins by considering the requirements of democracy, and whether these can support a case for descriptive representation. Although descriptive representation entails democratic costs, there is a contingent case for group representation that is consistent with the aims of democracy. Young people, moreover, satisfy (...)
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  39.  37
    IRBs and the Protection-Inclusion Dilemma: Finding a Balance.Phoebe Friesen, Luke Gelinas, Aaron Kirby, David H. Strauss & Barbara E. Bierer - 2022 - American Journal of Bioethics 23 (6):75-88.
    Institutional review boards, tasked with facilitating ethical research, are often pulled in competing directions. In what we call the protection-inclusion dilemma, we acknowledge the tensions IRBs face in aiming to both protect potential research participants from harm and include under-represented populations in research. In this manuscript, we examine the history of protectionism that has dominated research ethics oversight in the United States, as well as two responses to such protectionism: inclusion initiatives and critiques of the term vulnerability. We look at (...)
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  40.  32
    “Who is watching the watchdog?”: ethical perspectives of sharing health-related data for precision medicine in Singapore.Tamra Lysaght, Angela Ballantyne, Vicki Xafis, Serene Ong, Gerald Owen Schaefer, Jeffrey Min Than Ling, Ainsley J. Newson, Ing Wei Khor & E. Shyong Tai - 2020 - BMC Medical Ethics 21 (1):1-11.
    Background We aimed to examine the ethical concerns Singaporeans have about sharing health-data for precision medicine and identify suggestions for governance strategies. Just as Asian genomes are under-represented in PM, the views of Asian populations about the risks and benefits of data sharing are under-represented in prior attitudinal research. Methods We conducted seven focus groups with 62 participants in Singapore from May to July 2019. They were conducted in three languages and analysed with qualitative content and thematic analysis. Results (...)
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  41.  8
    Anthropic Concepts.Daniel A. Weiskopf - 2020 - Noûs 54 (2):451-468.
    Natural kind concepts have the function of tracking categories that exist independently of our beliefs and purposes. But not all ways of tracking categories in the natural world involve conceiving of them as natural kinds. Anthropic concepts represent groups of natural, mind‐independent entities that are apt for serving various human interests, goals, and projects. They represent the natural world under a practical mode of presentation, as a set of material resources that can be transformed to further a host of (...)
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  42.  30
    Design Bioethics: A Theoretical Framework and Argument for Innovation in Bioethics Research.Gabriela Pavarini, Robyn McMillan, Abigail Robinson & Ilina Singh - 2021 - American Journal of Bioethics 21 (6):37-50.
    Empirical research in bioethics has developed rapidly over the past decade, but has largely eschewed the use of technology-driven methodologies. We propose “design bioethics” as an area of conjoined theoretical and methodological innovation in the field, working across bioethics, health sciences and human-centred technological design. We demonstrate the potential of digital tools, particularly purpose-built digital games, to align with theoretical frameworks in bioethics for empirical research, integrating context, narrative and embodiment in moral decision-making. Purpose-built digital tools can engender situated engagement (...)
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  43.  9
    Vulnerable person investigation plan (VIP) to optimise inclusion in clinical trials.Ilana C. Raburn, Eline M. Bunnik & Antonia J. Cronin - 2023 - Journal of Medical Ethics 49 (7):489-490.
    Smajdor addresses the problem of inferior clinical outcomes among adults with impairments of capacity to give informed consent (AWIC). She notes that AWIC are generally excluded from clinical trials to protect them against harms and avoid exploitation and claims there is a causal link between involvement in clinical trials and favourable outcomes. She argues, given this link, that we should increase AWIC representation in clinical trials and can justifiably do so by recognising the capacity of AWIC to assent. AWIC form (...)
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  44.  18
    Parents and Provider Perspectives on the Return of Genomic Findings for Cleft Families in Africa.Abimbola M. Oladayo, Sydney Prochaska, Tamara Busch, Wasiu L. Adeyemo, Lord J. J. Gowans, Mekonen Eshete, Waheed Awotoye, Veronica Sule, Azeez Alade, Adebowale A. Adeyemo, Peter A. Mossey, Anya Prince, Jeffrey C. Murray & Azeez Butali - 2024 - AJOB Empirical Bioethics 15 (2):133-146.
    Background Inadequate knowledge among health care providers (HCPs) and parents of affected children limits the understanding and utility of secondary genetic findings (SFs) in under-represented populations in genomics research. SFs arise from deep DNA sequencing done for research or diagnostic purposes and may burden patients and their families despite their potential health importance. This study aims to evaluate the perspective of both groups regarding SFs and their choices in the return of results from genetic testing in the context of (...)
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  45.  26
    Aporia of the Gift: Precision Medicine’s Obligations Without Expectations.Elizabeth Lanphier - 2021 - American Journal of Bioethics 21 (4):83-85.
    In “Obligations of the Gift” Sandra Lee (2021) suggests that social norms of reciprocity and the expectations and obligations associated with gift-giving afford a framework for addressing social justice considerations in precision medicine. Lee is particularly concerned with obligations to marginalized or oppressed racial and ethnic groups, which are also historically under-represented populations in precision medicine. Obligations arise, Lee argues, through the “gift” that research participants make when they contribute their data or biospecimens to precision medicine research. This conceptualization (...)
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  46.  4
    Crisis and change: religion, ethics and theology under late modern conditions.Jan-Olav Henriksen & Tage Kurtén (eds.) - 2012 - Newcastle Upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Press.
    A common basis for the project on which this volume is based is that one cannot understand religion and ethics without paying attention to the different contexts in, and by means of which, these cultural elements are expressed. This approach makes both religion and ethics liquid, and allows us to see them as based on specific contingencies rather than as expressions of some essential features. The changing societal and cultural conditions in late modern Western societies pose new challenges for established (...)
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  47. Inequality, Internet likes, and the rules of philosophy, by Ren*t* S*lecl.Terence Rajivan Edward - manuscript
    How can we explain why certain historically discriminated groups are under-represented in English-speaking analytic philosophy? I present a hypothesis which appeals to rules, rather than relying upon the social theories of Pierre Bourdieu. I do by means of an attempted pastiche of Renata Salecl, my third attempt.
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  48.  1
    Popular science and the arts: challenges to cultural authority in France under the Second Empire.Maurice Crosland - 2001 - British Journal for the History of Science 34 (3):301-322.
    The National Institute of Science and the Arts, founded in 1795, consists of parallel academies, concerned with science, literature, the visual arts and so on. In the nineteenth century it represented a unique government-sponsored intellectual authority and a supreme court judgement, a power which came to be resented by innovators of all kinds. The Académie des sciences held a virtual monopoly in representing French science but soon this came to be challenged. In the period of the Second Empire we find (...)
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  49.  2
    The Eclipse of Marriage: Bringing Debates Back into Sociological Accounts of Health.Kate Reed - 2004 - European Journal of Women's Studies 11 (1):61-76.
    This article explores the influence of marriage on the health choices and status of 30 British Asian mothers in Leicester, UK. While marriage was firmly on the agenda of earlier research on health, it is no longer seen as important due to changes in family formations. Studies that do exist are mainly quantitative in focus. While these are useful, they fail to thoroughly explore women’s social circumstances and also tend to over-generalize, often under-representing ethnic minority women within their research. Taking (...)
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  50.  23
    ‘First in Man’: The Politics and Ethics of Women in Clinical Drug Trials.Oonagh P. Corrigan - 2002 - Feminist Review 72 (1):40-52.
    Within the world of pharmacology, the male body has traditionally been taken as the biological norm. Coupled with this, concern about danger to the unborn foetus has meant that, until very recently, ‘women of childbearing potential’ were routinely excluded from most of the early phases of clinical drug testing. Consequently, most drugs tested during Phase I trials were initially carried out on healthy male volunteers. During subsequent phases when drugs were tested on patients, women remained largely under-represented. As a result, (...)
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