Results for 'Marcus Cunha'

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  1.  9
    Sunk‐Cost Effects on Purely Behavioral Investments.Marcus Cunha Jr & Fabio Caldieraro - 2009 - Cognitive Science 33 (1):105-113.
    Although the sunk‐cost effect is a well‐documented psychological phenomenon in monetary investments, existing literature investigating behavioral investments (e.g., time, effort) has not replicated this effect except when such investments relate to monetary values. The current explanation for this discrepancy proposes that purely behavioral sunk‐cost effects are unlikely to be observed because they are difficult to book, track, and balance in a mental account. Conversely, we argue that, through an effort‐justification mechanism, people account for the amount of behavioral resources invested when (...)
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  2.  33
    John Dewey, The Other Face of the Brazilian New School.Marcus Vinicius Da Cunha - 2005 - Studies in Philosophy and Education 24 (6):455-470.
    This paper intents to analyze the influence of John Dewey’s ideas in the movement that defended the educationl renovation in Brazil at the end of the 1920s and in the 1930s. For this, it explains two trends of that movement: the first is described by the metaphor of industrial or mechanical efficiency, whose emphasis was in the power derived from the disciplinary idea of progress, which was embedded in the process of rationalization of the social relations submitted by a factory (...)
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  3.  18
    A psicologia de Evágrio Pôntico: o caminho da práxis.Mariana Paolozzi Sérvulo da Cunha & Marcus Vinicius de Souza Nunes - 2020 - Griot : Revista de Filosofia 20 (3):274-283.
    Os escritos de Evágrio Pôntico, monge do século IV, embora não constituindo um sistema filosófico, são de capital importância para compreendermos o desenvolvimento da cultura ocidental. No presente trabalho, todavia, operamos um corte epistemológico diferente. Buscamos na sua obra Tratado Prático, primeira parte de uma trilogia de teologia espiritual, elementos de uma doutrina psicológica que, é o que pretendemos demonstrar, se constitui em verdadeira terapêutica. Assim, exploramos alguns conceitos fundamentais dessa obra, tais como os de impassibilidade, de pensamentos passionais, e (...)
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  4.  50
    On the Observability of Purely Behavioral Sunk-Cost Effects: Theoretical and Empirical Support for the BISC Model.Marcus Cunha & Fabio Caldieraro - 2010 - Cognitive Science 34 (8):1384-1387.
    There is growing interest in whether and how sunk-cost effects for purely behavioral investments occur. In this article, we further discuss Cunha and Caldieraro’s (2009) Behavioral Investment Sunk Cost (BISC) model and reconcile Otto’s (2010) results with the BISC model predictions. We also report new data from two unpublished experiments that are consistent with the BISC model, and we discuss the conditions under which purely behavioral sunk-cost effects are likely to be observed.
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  5.  7
    Pragmatism in Brazil : John Dewey and education.Marcus Vinicius da Cunha & Débora Cristina Garcia - 2011 - In Gregory Fernando Pappas (ed.), Pragmatism in the Americas. Fordham University Press. pp. 40-52.
  6.  27
    Introduction.Marcus Vinicius da Cunha - 2005 - Studies in Philosophy and Education 24 (6):435-436.
  7.  11
    The Genesis of Aesthetic Sensitivity in Carolina de Jesus: Challenges for Educators.Erika Natacha Fernandes de Andrade, Marcus Vinicius da Cunha & Tatiana Cristina Santana Viruez - 2024 - Studies in Philosophy and Education 43 (3):289-304.
    Brazilian writer Carolina Maria de Jesus (1914–1977) was born in a rural community and spent most of her life in a slum. Despite this, her literary work achieved remarkable editorial success, having its value recognized by critics and academic circles. This paper analyzes Carolina Maria de Jesus’s autobiographical narratives in the light of John Dewey’s aesthetic theory, with the purpose of investigating the factors responsible for the development of her aesthetic sensitivity – intellectual and emotional dispositions favorable to involvement with (...)
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  8.  18
    Sophistry in Vygotsky: Contributions to the Rhetorical and Poetic Pedagogy.Erika Natacha Fernandes de Andrade & Marcus Vinicius da Cunha - 2019 - Studies in Philosophy and Education 39 (1):85-99.
    This work relates L. S. Vygotsky’s theory to the rhetorical and poetic pedagogy, which is a set of educational ideas and practices derived from the philosophical-educational tradition initiated by the Sophists. It is verified that the Vygotskyan concepts contribute to broaden the foundations of poetic and rhetorical pedagogy, presenting a psychology of language that integrates decorum, kairos and antilogical argumentation within aesthetic experiences; communication sustains knowledge and reflection of reality, aiming at the strengthening of the individual’s identity, the education of (...)
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  9.  14
    Basic Laws of Arithmetic.Philip A. Ebert & Marcus Rossberg (eds.) - 1964 - Berkeley,: Oxford University Press UK.
    This is the first complete English translation of Gottlob Frege's Grundgesetze der Arithmetik, with introduction and annotation. The importance of Frege's ideas within contemporary philosophy would be hard to exaggerate. He was, to all intents and purposes, the inventor of mathematical logic, and the influence exerted on modern philosophy of language and logic, and indeed on general epistemology, by the philosophical framework.
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  10. Knowing what you Want.Eric Marcus - forthcoming - In Lucy Campbell (ed.), Forms of Knowledge. Oxford.
    How do you know what you want? Philosophers have lately developed sophisticated accounts of the practical and doxastic knowledge that are rooted in the point of view of the subject. Our ability to just say what we are doing or what we believe—that is, to say so authoritatively, but not on the basis of observation or evidence—is an aspect of our ability to reason about the good and the true. However, no analogous route to orectic self-knowledge is feasible. Knowledge of (...)
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  11.  54
    Normal monomodal logics can simulate all others.Marcus Kracht & Frank Wolter - 1999 - Journal of Symbolic Logic 64 (1):99-138.
    This paper shows that non-normal modal logics can be simulated by certain polymodal normal logics and that polymodal normal logics can be simulated by monomodal (normal) logics. Many properties of logics are shown to be reflected and preserved by such simulations. As a consequence many old and new results in modal logic can be derived in a straightforward way, sheding new light on the power of normal monomodal logic.
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  12.  15
    Iconicity in Signed and Spoken Vocabulary: A Comparison Between American Sign Language, British Sign Language, English, and Spanish.Marcus Perlman, Hannah Little, Bill Thompson & Robin L. Thompson - 2018 - Frontiers in Psychology 9.
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  13. Generalization in ethics.Marcus G. Singer - 1955 - Mind 64 (255):361-375.
  14.  28
    The association between higher education and approximate number system acuity.Marcus Lindskog, Anders Winman & Peter Juslin - 2014 - Frontiers in Psychology 5.
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  15.  33
    Gratitude Is Only Fittingly Targeted Towards Agents.Marcus William Hunt - 2022 - Sophia 61 (2):345-363.
    The paper argues that ‘All varieties of gratitude are only overall fitting when targeted towards agents,’ for instance that any variety of gratitude for the beautiful sunset is only overall fitting if a supernatural agent such as God exists. The first premise is that ‘Prepositional gratitude is overall fitting only when targeted towards agents.’ For this premise, intuitive judgments are offered. The second premise is that ‘Prepositional gratitude is the paradigmatic variety of gratitude.’ For this premise, an aspect of the (...)
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  16.  18
    The Sentimental Citizen: Emotion in Democratic Politics.George E. Marcus - 2002 - Pennsylvania State University Press.
    This book challenges the conventional wisdom that improving democratic politics requires keeping emotion out of it. Marcus advances the provocative claim that the tradition in democratic theory of treating emotion and reason as hostile opposites is misguided and leads contemporary theorists to misdiagnose the current state of American democracy. Instead of viewing the presence of emotion in politics as a failure of rationality and therefore as a failure of citizenship, Marcus argues, democratic theorists need to understand that emotions (...)
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  17. The Space of Reasons as Self-Consciousness.Eric Marcus - forthcoming - Australasian Journal of Philosophy.
    In reasoning, we draw conclusions from multiple premises. But thinkers can be fragmented. And if there is no single fragment of the agent that thinks all of the premises, then the agent cannot draw any conclusions from them. It follows that reasoning from multiple premises depends on their being thought together. But what is it to think premises together? What is the condition that contrasts with fragmentation? This paper provides an answer to this question that is simple but compelling: to (...)
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  18. Simulation and transfer results in modal logic – a survey.Marcus Kracht & Frank Wolter - 1997 - Studia Logica 59 (2):149-177.
    This papers gives a survey of recent results about simulations of one class of modal logics by another class and of the transfer of properties of modal logics under extensions of the underlying modal language. We discuss: the transfer from normal polymodal logics to their fusions, the transfer from normal modal logics to their extensions by adding the universal modality, and the transfer from normal monomodal logics to minimal tense extensions. Likewise, we discuss simulations of normal polymodal logics by normal (...)
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  19. Additive representation of separable preferences over infinite products.Marcus Pivato - 2014 - Theory and Decision 77 (1):31-83.
    Let X\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\mathcal{X }$$\end{document} be a set of outcomes, and let I\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\mathcal{I }$$\end{document} be an infinite indexing set. This paper shows that any separable, permutation-invariant preference order \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$$$\end{document} on XI\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\mathcal{X }^\mathcal{I }$$\end{document} admits an additive representation. That is: there exists a linearly ordered abelian group R\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} (...)
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  20.  40
    Interpreted languages and compositionality.Marcus Kracht - 2011 - Dordrecht: Springer.
    This book argues that languages are composed of sets of ‘signs’, rather than ‘strings’. This notion, first posited by de Saussure in the early 20th century, has for decades been neglected by linguists, particularly following Chomsky’s heavy critiques of the 1950s. Yet since the emergence of formal semantics in the 1970s, the issue of compositionality has gained traction in the theoretical debate, becoming a selling point for linguistic theories. Yet the concept of ‘compositionality’ itself remains ill-defined, an issue this book (...)
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  21. 'Belief' and Belief.Eric Marcus - forthcoming - European Journal of Philosophy.
    Our interest in understanding belief stems partly from our being creatures who think. However, the term ‘belief’ is used to refer to many states: from the fully conscious rational state that partly constitutes knowledge to the fanciful states of alarm clocks. Which of the many ‘belief’ states must a theory of belief be answerable to? This is the scope question. I begin my answer with a reply to a recent argument that belief is invariably weak, i.e., that the evidential standards (...)
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  22. The concept of evil.Marcus G. Singer - 2004 - Philosophy 79 (2):185-214.
    Though ‘evil’ is often used loosely as merely the generic opposite of ‘morally good’, used precisely it is the worst possible term of opprobrium available. In this essay it is taken as applying primarily to persons, secondarily to conduct; evil deeds must flow from the volition to do something evil. An evil action is one so horrendously bad that no ordinary decent human being can conceive of doing it, and an evil person is one who knowingly wills or orders such (...)
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  23. Precis of belief, inference, and the self‐conscious mind.Eric Marcus - 2024 - Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 108 (3):833-837.
  24.  27
    Prefinitely axiomatizable modal and intermediate logics.Marcus Kracht - 1993 - Mathematical Logic Quarterly 39 (1):301-322.
    A logic Λ bounds a property P if all proper extensions of Λ have P while Λ itself does not. We construct logics bounding finite axiomatizability and logics bounding finite model property in the lattice of intermediate logics and in the lattice of normal extensions of K4.3. MSC: 03B45, 03B55.
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  25. Replies to Leite, Shaw, and Campbell.Eric Marcus - 2024 - Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 108 (3):858-868.
  26.  37
    WADA’s Concept of the ’Protected Person’ – and Why it is No Protection for Minors.Marcus Campos, Jim Parry & Irena Martínková - 2022 - Sport, Ethics and Philosophy 17 (1):58-69.
    The recent alleged doping case of the figure skater Kamila Valieva at the Winter Olympic Games in Beijing 2022 dramatically raised the issue of the protection of minors in anti-doping policy. We firstly present the literature on doping in relation to minors. Secondly, we present WADA’s Protected Person (PP) concept and its implications. Thirdly, we analyse the WADA Code’s purpose and the vulnerability of minors under the Code, and fourthly, we identify the real threats from which minors should be protected (...)
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  27. The emergence of syntactic structure.Marcus Kracht - 2007 - Linguistics and Philosophy 30 (1):47 - 95.
    The present paper is the result of a long struggle to understand how the notion of compositionality can be used to motivate the structure of a sentence. While everyone seems to have intuitions about which proposals are compositional and which ones are not, these intuitions generally have no formal basis. What is needed to make such arguments work is a proper understanding of what meanings are and how they can be manipulated. In particular, we need a definition of meaning that (...)
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  28.  14
    ‘The interface of the future’: Mixed reality, intimate data and imagined temporalities.Marcus Carter & Ben Egliston - 2022 - Big Data and Society 9 (1).
    This article examines discourses about mixed reality as a data-rich sensing technology – specifically, engaging with discourses of time as framed by developers, engineers and in corporate PR and marketing in a range of public facing materials. We focus on four main settings in which mixed reality is imagined to be used, and in which time was a dominant discursive theme – the development of mixed reality by big tech companies, the use of mixed reality for defence, mixed reality as (...)
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  29.  86
    Duties and duties to oneself.Marcus G. Singer - 1963 - Ethics 73 (2):133-142.
  30.  5
    Verlag und Vertrieb von Publikationen Georg Friedrich Meiers bei Gebauer und Hemmerde.Marcus Conrad - 2015 - In Gideon Stiening & Frank Grunert (eds.), Georg Friedrich Meier : Philosophie Als "Wahre Weltweisheit". Boston: De Gruyter. pp. 43-54.
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  31.  12
    Technology, institutions and regulation: towards a normative theory.Marcus Smith & Seumas Miller - forthcoming - AI and Society:1-11.
    Technology regulation is one of the most important public policy issues facing society and governments at the present time, and further clarity could improve decision making in this complex and challenging area. Since the rise of the internet in the late 1990s, a number of approaches to technology regulation have been proposed, prompted by the associated changes in society, business and law that this development brought with it. However, over the past decade, the impact of technology has been profound and (...)
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  32.  19
    Modalities: Philosophical Essays.Ruth Barcan Marcus - 1961 - New York, NY, USA: Oup Usa.
    This collection of Marcus's non-technical essays include her earlier ground-breaking axiomatizations of quantified modal logic, and explore such topics as the necessity of identity, the directly referential role of proper names as "tags", the interplay of possibility and existence, and others viewed as iconoclastic when Marcus first addressed them, but now long incorporated into current discussion.
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  33. Grapheme-color synaesthesia benefits rule-based Category learning.Marcus R. Watson, Mark R. Blair, Pavel Kozik, Kathleen A. Akins & James T. Enns - 2012 - Consciousness and Cognition 21 (3):1533-1540.
    Researchers have long suspected that grapheme-color synaesthesia is useful, but research on its utility has so far focused primarily on episodic memory and perceptual discrimination. Here we ask whether it can be harnessed during rule-based Category learning. Participants learned through trial and error to classify grapheme pairs that were organized into categories on the basis of their associated synaesthetic colors. The performance of synaesthetes was similar to non-synaesthetes viewing graphemes that were physically colored in the same way. Specifically, synaesthetes learned (...)
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  34. It cannot be fitting to blame God.Marcus William Hunt - 2023 - Heythrop Journal 64 (4):517-531.
    This paper argues that it cannot be fitting to blame God. I show that divine immutability, even on a weak conception, implies that God's ethical character cannot change. I then argue that blame aims at a change in the ethical character of the one blamed. This claim is directly intuitive, explains a wide set of intuitions about when blame is unfitting, and is implied by most of the theories blame offered in the philosophical literature. Since blame targeted at God aims (...)
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  35. Too Good to be “Just True”.Marcus Rossberg - 2013 - Thought: A Journal of Philosophy 2 (1):1-8.
    Paraconsistent and dialetheist approaches to a theory of truth are faced with a problem: the expressive resources of the logic do not suffice to express that a sentence is just true—i.e., true and not also false—or to express that a sentence is consistent. In his recent book, Spandrels of Truth, Jc Beall proposes a ‘just true’-operator to identify sentences that are true and not also false. Beall suggests seven principles that a ‘just true’-operator must fulfill, and proves that his operator (...)
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  36. Modalities: philosophical essays.Ruth Barcan Marcus - 1961 - New York: Oxford University Press.
    Based on her earlier ground-breaking axiomatization of quantified modal logic, the papers collected here by the distinguished philosopher Ruth Barcan Marcus cover much ground in the development of her thought, spanning from 1961 to 1990. The first essay here introduces themes initially viewed as iconoclastic, such as the necessity of identity, the directly referential role of proper names as "tags", the Barcan Formula about the interplay of possibility and existence, and alternative interpretations of quantification. Marcus also addresses the (...)
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  37.  33
    Are Logical Languages Compositional?Marcus Kracht - 2013 - Studia Logica 101 (6):1319-1340.
    In this paper I argue that in contrast to natural languages, logical languages typically are not compositional. This does not mean that the meaning of expressions cannot be determined at all using some well-defined set of rules. It only means that the meaning of an expression cannot be determined without looking at its form. If one is serious about the compositionality of a logic, the only possibility I see is to define it via abstraction from a variable free language.
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  38.  3
    Notes.Marcus Tullius Cicero - 2018 - In How to Be a Friend: An Ancient Guide to True Friendship. Princeton University Press. pp. 179-186.
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  39. Kant & Fate.Marcus Hunt - 2022 - Cosmos and History : The Journal of Natural and Social Philosophy 18 (1):401-421.
    Immanuel Kant mentions fate (Schicksal) in several places. Peter Thielke offers the only sustained interpretation of what Kant meant by fate. According to Thielke, fate is a “usurpatory concept” that takes the place of causality but fails to do its job. There are problems with this interpretation, relative to Kant’s philosophy and to the ordinary concept of fate. It is not clear why we only find a usurpation of causality and not the other concepts of the categories, or how a (...)
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  40.  69
    Freud and the Culture of Psychoanalysis : Studies in the Transition From Victorian Humanism to Modernity.Steven Marcus - 2016 - Routledge.
    Originally published in 1984, this book broke new ground in assessing Freud as both an exemplary late-Victorian and as a pivotal figure in the creation of modern thought and culture. In his close reading of various of Freud’s theoretical and clinical texts, including two of the most famous case histories, Steven Marcus uncovers the steps in the development of Freud’s thought, the dynamics and contradictions and ‘the intellectual and emotional urgings, forces and conflicts that were at work… as the (...)
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  41. Does the principle of substitutivity rest on a mistake?Ruth Barcan Marcus - 1975 - In Alan Ross Anderson, Ruth Barcan Marcus, Richard Milton Martin & Frederic Brenton Fitch (eds.), The Logical enterprise. New Haven: Yale University Press.
  42. On the Parallels between Theoretical and Practical Rationality: Reply to Setiya.Eric Marcus - 2013 - Analysis 73 (3):512-525.
    Two principles are central to Rational Causation. Causalism: Believing and acting for a reason are causal phenomena in the sense that there is in both domains a causal connection between ground and grounded. Equivalence: There is a necessary connection between something's being the reason why I believe or act and my taking it to favour the belief or action. Kieran Setiya argues that Causalism is false in the theoretical case and that Equivalence is false in the practical case. I reply (...)
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  43. Resurrexit Spiritus.Marcus Roe - 2023 - 24K Journal of Virtues Science 1 (00):52.
    Hegelian philosophical treatise beginning with analysis of Reversal Theory and restructuring into Resurrexit Theory, a structured phenomenology centred around Spirit (first three articles: Hegelian Analysis of Reversal Theory, Structural Reformation of Reversal Theory, & Resurrexit Theory - The Dualist Expansion of Structural Phenomenology). This is followed by a theory of mind and consciousness based in complex universality (Dialectic Mind). Naturally, this leads into how particularity can best align with universality, to thereby generate Good. Such a discussion begs the question of (...)
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  44. Do Imaginings have a Goal?Marcus Hunt - 2023 - Axiomathes: Global Philosophy 33 (1):1-17.
    The paper investigates whether imaginative states about propositions can be assessed in terms of fittingness (also known as correctness, appropriateness, aptness). After characterizing propositional imaginings and explaining the idea of fittingness, I present some considerations in favour of the no conditions view: imagining seems to be the sort of action that cannot be done unfittingly, and imaginings have no external cognitive nor conative goals in light of which they could be unfitting. I then examine the local conditions view, that there (...)
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  45. One decade of universal artificial intelligence.Marcus Hutter - 2012 - In Pei Wang & Ben Goertzel (eds.), Theoretical Foundations of Artificial General Intelligence. Springer. pp. 67--88.
    The first decade of this century has seen the nascency of the first mathematical theory of general artificial intelligence. This theory of Universal Artificial Intelligence (UAI) has made significant contributions to many theoretical, philosophical, and practical AI questions. In a series of papers culminating in book (Hutter, 2005), an exciting sound and complete mathematical model for a super intelligent agent (AIXI) has been developed and rigorously analyzed. While nowadays most AI researchers avoid discussing intelligence, the award-winning PhD thesis (Legg, 2008) (...)
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  46. Can intuitive and analytical decision styles explain managers' evaluation of information technology?Marcus Selart, Svein Tvedt Johansen, Tore Holmesland & Kjell Grønhaug - 2008 - Management Decision 46:1326 -1341.
    Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to clarify how IT managers' decision styles affect their evaluation of information technology. Design/methodology/approach – Four different decision styles were assessed in a leadership test directed towards IT managers. Each style included two dimensions: confidence judgment ability and decision heuristic usage. Participants belonging to each style were interviewed and their answers analysed with regard to their reasoning about central areas of IT management. Findings – Results suggest that a decision style combining intuitive (...)
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  47.  36
    Merleau-Ponty’s Responses to Skepticism: A Critical Appraisal.Marcus Sacrini - 2013 - International Journal of Philosophical Studies 21 (5):1-22.
    In this article, I reconstruct and evaluate Merleau-Ponty’s main responses to philosophical skepticism in the relevant parts of his work. To begin with, I introduce the skeptical argument that Merleau-Ponty most often tried to refute, namely, the dream argument. Secondly, I show how Merleau-Ponty, in his initial works, excludes the skeptical problem by appealing to a general contact with the world guaranteed by perception. Finally, I analyze how in his last texts Merleau-Ponty considers at least some uses of the skeptical (...)
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  48.  23
    Why the irremediability requirement is not sufficient to deny psychiatric euthanasia for patients with treatment-resistant depression.Marcus T. L. Teo - forthcoming - Journal of Medical Ethics.
    Treatment-resistant depression (TRD) holds centrality in many debates regarding psychiatric euthanasia. Among the strongest reasons cited by opponents of psychiatric euthanasia is the uncertainty behind the irremediability of psychiatric illnesses. According to this argument, conditions that cannot be considered irremediable imply that there are possible remedies that remain for the condition. If there are possible remedies that remain for the condition, then patients with that condition cannot be considered for access to euthanasia. I call this the irremediability requirement (IR). I (...)
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  49.  46
    Justice, theory, and a theory of justice.Marcus Singer - 1977 - Philosophy of Science 44 (4):594-618.
    John Rawls's A Theory of Justice was published in December 1971 and has already established itself as a landmark. No other philosophical work, in our time or before, has, to my knowledge, excited so much attention in so short a time and in such varied circles. Clearly the book answers to a set of needs that have just recently surfaced, and it was published at just the right time to benefit from changing directions in philosophy and other areas of intellectual (...)
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  50. Composition A Lity In Montague Grammar.Marcus Kracht - 2012 - In Markus Werning, Wolfram Hinzen & Edouard Machery (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Compositionality. Oxford University Press.
    The most popular version of linguistic semantics was Generative at the time of the publication of Montague's papers. Generative Semantics did semantics essentially in a syntactic fashion: meanings were bits of representation, like CAUSE, BECOME, and RED, and were combined in a tree that was subject to transformations. The analysis offered by Montague uses some non-standard mechanisms for handling strings. One is arbitrary insertion, and the other is the use of deletion. One problem area of Montague grammar is the idea (...)
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