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  1. A war of all against all? The close up problem.Terence Rajivan Edward - manuscript
    This paper presents a problem for a prisoner’s dilemma model according to which the state of nature would be a war of all against all, which I call “the close up problem.”.
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  2. Bene vivere politice: On the (Meta)biopolitics of "Happiness".Jussi Backman - 2022 - In Jussi Backman & Antonio Cimino (eds.), Biopolitics and Ancient Thought. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 126-144.
    This chapter approaches the question of biopolitics in ancient political thought looking not at specific political techniques but at notions of the final aim of the political community. It argues that the “happiness” (eudaimonia, beatitudo) that constitutes the greatest human good in the tradition from Aristotle to Thomas Aquinas is not a “biopolitical” ideal, but rather a metabiopolitical one, consisting in a contemplative activity situated above and beyond the biological and the political. It is only with Thomas Hobbes that civic (...)
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  3. The Inherent Problem with Mass Incarceration.Raff Donelson - 2022 - Oklahoma Law Review 75 (1):51-67.
    For more than a decade, activists, scholars, journalists, and politicians of various stripes have been discussing and decrying mass incarceration. This collection of voices has mostly focused on contingent features of the phenomenon. Critics mention racial disparities, poor prison conditions, and spiraling costs. Some critics have alleged broader problems: they have called for an end to all incarceration, even all punishment. Lost in this conversation is a focus on what is inherently wrong with mass incarceration specifically. This essay fills that (...)
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  4. Hobbesian causation and personal identity in the history of criminology.Luke William Hunt - 2021 - Intellectual History Review 31 (2):247-266.
    Hobbes is known for bridging natural and political philosophy, but less attention has been given to how this distinguishes the Hobbesian conception of the self from individualist strands of liberalism. First, Hobbes’s determinism suggests a conception of the self in which externalities determine the will and what the self is at every moment. Second, there is no stable conception of the self because externalities keep it in a constant state of flux. The metaphysical underpinnings of his project downplay the notion (...)
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  5. Of Gods and Clocks: Free Will and Hobbes-Bramhall Debate.Paul Russell - 2021 - In Recasting Hume and Early Modern Philosophy: Selected Essays. New York, NY, USA: pp. 133-157.
    Contrary to John Bramhall and critics like him, Thomas Hobbes takes the view that no account of liberty or freedom can serve as the relevant basis on which to distinguish moral from nonmoral agents or explains the basis on which an agent becomes subject to law and liable to punishment. The correct compatibilist strategy rests, on Hobbes’s account, with a proper appreciation and description of the contractualist features that shape and structure the moral community. From this perspective human agents may (...)
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  6. Interpreting Hobbes’s Political Philosophy, edited by Lloyd, S.A.Marcus P. Adams - 2020 - Hobbes Studies 33 (1):93-97.
  7. Hobbes or Spinoza? Two Epicurean Versions of the Social Contract.Dimitris Vardoulakis - 2020 - InCircolo - Rivista di Filosofia E Culture 9:186-210.
    I argue that both Hobbes and Spinoza rely on a pivot epicurean idea to form their conceptions of the social contract, namely, the idea that the human acts by calculating their utility. However, Hobbes and Spinoza employ this starting principle in different ways. For Hobbes, this only makes sense if the calculation of utility is regulated by fear as the primary political emotion. For Spinoza, there is no primary emotion and the entire construction of the social contract relies on how (...)
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  8. Fool Me Once, Shame on You, Fool Me Twice, Shame on Me: The Alleged Prisoner’s Dilemma in Hobbes’s Social Contract.Necip Fikri Alican - 2019 - Dialogue and Universalism 29 (1):183-204.
    Hobbes postulates a social contract to formalize our collective transition from the state of nature to civil society. The prisoner’s dilemma challenges both the mechanics and the outcome of that thought experiment. The incentives for reneging are supposedly strong enough to keep rational persons from cooperating. This paper argues that the prisoner’s dilemma undermines a position Hobbes does not hold. The context and parameters of the social contract steer it safely between the horns of the dilemma. Specifically, in a setting (...)
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  9. The nerves of the Leviathan: On metaphor and Hobbes' theory of punishment.Alejo Stark - 2019 - Otro Siglo 3 (2):26-42.
    Thomas Hobbes’ theory of punishment plays a constitutive role in the Leviathan’s theory of state sovereignty. Despite this, Hobbes’ justification for punishment is widely found to be discrepant, weak, inconsistent, and contradictory. Two dominant tendencies in the scholarship attempt to stabilize the Leviathan’s justification for the state’s right to punish by either identifying it with the sovereign’s right to war or by elaborating a theory of authorization within the state. In contrast, by tracing the deployments of the metaphor that Hobbes (...)
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  10. Hobbes como um contratualista moderno. Uma proposição falaciosa.Antonio Horta Fernandes - 2017 - Anuario Filosófico 50 (2):399-418.
    Con el presente artículo se procura mostrar que Hobbes, aunque sea uno de los padres fundadores del paradigma individualista político moderno, no es un contractualista, insistiendo para tal efecto en su obra Leviatán. El soberano no nace así mediante el contrato social y político que daría origen a la sociedad, sino que más bien el contrato presupone la figura del soberano, sin la cual la sociedad política individualista ni siquiera existiría. La cabal comprensión del poder soberano es entonces el principal (...)
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  11. Sovereign Jurisdiction, Territorial Rights, and Membership in Hobbes.Arash Abizadeh - 2016 - In A. Martinich & Kinch Hoekstra (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Hobbes. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
    Although sovereign jurisdictional authority is not itself a kind of property right for Hobbes, it is the object of the sovereign’s (not the state’s) proprietary rights. Jurisdictional authority for Hobbes is foundationally over persons rather than territory, so that the sovereign’s territorial jurisdiction is parasitic on jurisdiction over persons. Territory nevertheless plays a significant role in determining subjects’ political obligations because the sovereign’s ability to protect subjects is necessary for such obligations, and control over space is necessary to protect subjects. (...)
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  12. Normalized Exceptions and Totalized Potentials: Violence, Sovereignty and War in the Thought of Thomas Hobbes and Giorgio Agamben.Anna-Verena Nosthoff - 2015 - Russian Sociological Review 14 (4):44–76.
    This study seeks to critically explore the link between sovereignty, violence and war in Giorgio Agamben’s Homo Sacer series and Thomas Hobbes’s Leviathan. From a brief rereading of Leviathan’s main arguments that explicitly revolves around the Aristotelian distinction between actuality/ potentiality, it will conclude that Hobbesian pre-contractual violence is primarily based on what Hobbes terms “anticipatory reason” and the problem of future contingency. Relying on Foucauldian insights, it will be emphasized that the assumption of certain potentialities suffices in leading to (...)
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  13. L’istituzione della giustizia. La solidarietà come obbligazione dei moderni secondo Durkheim.Nicola Marcucci - 2014 - Scienza and Politica. Per Una Storia Delle Dottrine 26 (51).
    This essay is dedicated to Durkheimian conception of justice. The Hobbesian polarization between law and justice is considered paradigmatic for modern political thought. The Durkheim contribution is a significant reformulation of Hobbes’ alternative, able to highlight differently the constitutive tension between law and justice. Durkheim’s criticism against contract theories reframes the juridical order trough the concept of solidarity, considered by Durkheim as the unthought premise to modern obligation. The contract theory, has to been considered as the modern way to think (...)
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  14. Hobbesian Realism in International Relations: A Reappraisal.Chris Naticchia - 2013 - In Hobbes Today: Insights for the 21st Century. Cambridge University Press. pp. 241-263.
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  15. Deborah Baumgold, Contract Theory in Historical Context. Essays on Grotius, Hobbes, and Locke. Brill 2010. 190 pp. ISBN 9789004184251. [REVIEW]Hans W. Blom - 2012 - Grotiana 33 (1):158-159.
  16. When is a contract theorist not a contract theorist? Mary Astell and Catharine Macaulay as critics of Thomas Hobbes.Karen Green - 2012 - In Nancy Hirschmann Joanne Wright (ed.), Feminist Interpretations of Thomas Hobbes. Penn State. pp. 169-89.
    Although Catharine Macaulay was a contract theorist and early feminist her philosophy is not based on a concept of liberty like that of Hobbes, but on a notion of individual liberty as self government close to that accepted by Mary Astell. This raises the question of whether criticisms of liberal feminism which assume that it is rooted in Hobbes's suspect notion of freedom and consent may miss there mark.
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  17. Egoism, Reason, and the Social Contract.A. P. Martinich - 2012 - Hobbes Studies 25 (2):209-222.
    Bernard Gert’s distinctive interpretation of the philosophy of Thomas Hobbes in his recent book may be questioned in at least three areas: (1) Even if Hobbes is not a psychological egoist, he seems to be a desire egoist, which has the consequence, as he understands it, that a person acts at least for his own good in every action. (2) Although there are several senses of reason, it seems that Hobbes uses the idea that reason is calculation of means to (...)
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  18. Hobbes's Concept of Multitude.Omar Astorga - 2011 - Hobbes Studies 24 (1):5-14.
    In this brief article I expound some uses that Hobbes gave to the concept of multitude. Firstly, I explain the distinction between "people" and "multitude", the confusion of which was regarded in De Cive as a cause of sedition. The plural and disunited character of the multitude is highlighted, in comparison with the unity that constitutes the people. Secondly, I show that Hobbes, beyond the cited distinction, makes a relevant use in Leviathan of the principle of representation, in order to (...)
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  19. Equality, Right, and Identity: Rethinking the Contract through Hobbes and Marx.R. Govind - 2011 - Télos 2011 (154):75-98.
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  20. Equality, Right, and Identity: Rethinking the Contract through Hobbes and Marx.Rahul Govind - 2011 - Telos: Critical Theory of the Contemporary 2011 (154):75-98.
    ExcerptThe following essay is an investigation into the nature of the contract, the way in which the contract indexes “right” and equality, and the textual and historical expressions—as well as echoes—that this has taken from Thomas Hobbes to Karl Marx.1 The opening set of conceptual remarks will lead to a reading of Hobbes's Leviathan and Marx's On the Jewish Question, with the intent of arguing that both texts were concerned with theoretically explicating the relationship between right and equality, germane to (...)
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  21. The Free Will Problem [Hobbes, Bramhall and Free Will].Paul Russell - 2011 - In Desmond M. Clarke & Catherine Wilson (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Philosophy in Early Modern Europe. New York, NY, USA: Oxford University Press. pp. 424-444.
    This article examines the free will problem as it arises within Thomas Hobbes' naturalistic science of morals in early modern Europe. It explains that during this period, the problem of moral and legal responsibility became acute as mechanical philosophy was extended to human psychology and as a result human choices were explained in terms of desires and preferences rather than being represented as acts of an autonomous faculty. It describes how Hobbes changed the face of moral philosophy, through his Leviathan, (...)
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  22. The Received Hobbes.Elisabeth Ellis - 2010 - In Ian Shapiro (ed.), Leviathan. Yale University Press. pp. 481-518.
  23. 'Promising' ideas: Hobbes and contract in Spinoza's political philosophy.Don Garrett - 2010 - In Yitzhak Y. Melamed & Michael A. Rosenthal (eds.), Spinoza's 'Theological-Political Treatise': A Critical Guide. Cambridge University Press. pp. 192.
  24. The social contract.Thomas Hobbes - 2009 - In Steven M. Cahn (ed.), Exploring Ethics: An Introductory Anthology. Oxford University Press.
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  25. Why Hobbes' State of Nature is Best Modeled by an Assurance Game.Michael Moehler - 2009 - Utilitas 21 (3):297-326.
    In this article, I argue that if one closely follows Hobbes' line of reasoning in Leviathan, in particular his distinction between the second and the third law of nature, and the logic of his contractarian theory, then Hobbes' state of nature is best translated into the language of game theory by an assurance game, and not by a one-shot or iterated prisoner's dilemma game, nor by an assurance dilemma game. Further, I support Hobbes' conclusion that the sovereign must always punish (...)
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  26. Contract, Culture, and Citizenship: Transformative Liberalism From Hobbes to Rawls.Mark E. Button - 2008 - Pennsylvania State University Press.
    "Explores the concept of the social contract and how it shapes citizenship. Argues that the modern social contract is an account of the ethical and cultural conditions upon which modern citizenship depends"--Provided by publisher.
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  27. Pirates, privateers and the contract theories of Hobbes and Locke.Peter Hayes - 2008 - History of Political Thought 29 (3):461-484.
    A company of buccaneers invites comparison with states founded on the social contracts of Hobbes and Locke. These companies were formed by an explicit contract, the articles of agreement, and transgressors risked being marooned in a literal state of nature. Buccaneers were relatively powerful and their authority structure and share system was relatively democratic. The role of venture capitalists in organizing buccaneering may explain why parallels with Locke's social contract are particularly striking. Matthew Tindall attempted to exclude pirates and include (...)
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  28. A Tale of Two Commonwealths. Sarver - 2007 - Journal of Philosophical Research 32:269-291.
    Two, ostensibly different, versions of the social contract appear in Hobbes’s Leviathan, a commonwealth by institution and one by acquisition. These versions unexpectedly converge in chapter 20 with his remarkable claim that both commonwealths have the same rights and consequences of sovereignty. I argue that the first of these versions gives rise to a disjunction that logically commits Hobbes to either an impotent state or a Thrasymachean styled tyranny. After this, I describehow he tries to distance himself from the unsettling (...)
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  29. Hobbes et les néocontractualismes contemporains.Luc Foisneau & Tom Sorell - 2006 - Les Etudes Philosophiques 79 (4):425.
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  30. Die Herausbildung des Sozialstaatsdenkens im neuzeitlichen Kontraktualismus von Hobbes bis Fichte.Bärbel Frischmann - 2006 - Zeitschrift für Philosophische Forschung 60 (4):554-589.
    In diesem Beitrag wird die These vertreten, dass dem Gesellschaftsvertrag im neuzeitlichen Kontraktualismus von Hobbes bis Fichte nicht nur die Aufgabe der Gewährung von Schutz und die Sicherung individueller Freiheit zugesprochen wird, sondern dass an den Staat als Verkörperung des Gemeinwillens durchaus auch sozialpolitische Aufgaben delegiert werden. Der Kontraktualismus eröffnet eine Auffassung von Sozialstaatlichkeit, die nicht an einen substantiellen Begriff von Wohlstand gebunden ist, sondern an die per Vertrag verbindlich gemachte Grundidee der Verpflichtung der Gemeinschaft zur Hilfeleistung bzw. zur Bereitstellung (...)
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  31. L'état de nature de Hobbes dans la philosophie anglo-saxonne contemporaine : Gauthier, Hampton et Gray.Tom Sorell - 2006 - Les Etudes Philosophiques 79 (4):461.
    Les usages que fait Hobbes de l’état de nature sont souvent mal compris par les philosophes anglo-américains contemporains, y compris par des commentateurs distingués comme Gauthier et Hampton. À la différence de Gauthier, je soutiens que Hobbes ne se soucie nullement de naturaliser le fondement de la motivation morale, et je conteste l’interprétation de Hampton qui considère que le contractualisme hobbesien a plus de pertinence pour nous aujourd’hui que le contractualisme kantien. Il existe certes des liens entre une juste interprétation (...)
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  32. Hobbes’s and Locke’s Contract Theories: Political not Metaphysical.Deborah Baumgold - 2005 - Critical Review of International Social and Political Philosophy 8 (3):289-308.
    Abstract Inspired by Rawls?s admission that his twentieth?century contract theory builds in the parochial horizon of modern constitutional democracy, this essay critically examines two truisms about seventeenth?century contract theory. The first is the stock view that the English case is irrelevant to the logic of Leviathan and the Second Treatise. To the contrary, I argue that their political conclusions depend on introducing constitutional and legal ?facts?, in particular, facts about the constitution of the English monarchy. Second, I challenge the Whiggish (...)
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  33. Ought Hobbes's Natural Condition of Mankind Be Represented As A Prisoner's Dilemma ?Noel Boulting - 2005 - Hobbes Studies 18 (1):27-49.
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  34. Naturzustand und Staatsvertrag bei Hobbes.Andreas Hüttemann - 2004 - Zeitschrift für Philosophische Forschung 58 (1):29 - 53.
    In diesem Aufsatz untersuche sich, ob sich der Hobbes’sche Naturzustand als Gefangenendilemma beschreiben lässt und welche Konsequenzen dies gegebenenfalls hat. Ich argumentiere für die Thesen, dass erstens eine solche Beschreibung eine angemessene Charakterisierung des Hobbes’schen Naturzustandes ist , dass das Gefangenendilemma zweitens kein Problem für die Hobbes’sche Argumentation aufwirft und dass drittens Hobbes sein Argumentationsziel verfehlte, wenn er den Naturzustand anders beschriebe, d.h. so, als seien die Applikationsbedingungen des Gefangenendilemmas nicht erfüllt. Das Gefangenendilemma, in dem sich die Naturzustandsbewohner befinden, ist (...)
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  35. The Role of Education in Political Stability.Jeremy Anderson - 2003 - Hobbes Studies 16 (1):95-104.
    Currently the dominant interpretation of Hobbes in the field of moral and political philosophy is as a social contract theorist: that he legitimates moral rules and sovereign power by arguing that we would agree we are better off obeying a sovereign than living in a state of nature, and that we are best off if that sovereign is an absolute monarch. There are interesting alternatives to this reading of Hobbes—Warrender’s divine-command interpretation and Boonin-Vail’s virtue theory interpretation, to name just two—but (...)
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  36. Renegotiating the Social Contract: Hobbes to Rawls.Deborah A. Kissinger - 2003 - Dissertation, University of Hawai'i
    Hobbes, Locke, Rousseau, Kant, and Rawls set out different versions of the social contract theory. In this dissertation, these different versions are treated as iterative accounts within an on-going meta-conversation. To facilitate this conversation, a generic social contract is developed that sets out a uniform way to look at the different versions of the social contract. The generic social contract highlights specific features of the contract process for comparison by creating a set of questions that are posed to each theorist. (...)
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  37. Hobbes, Contractarians and Scepticism.Paul Dumouchel - 2002 - Revista Portuguesa de Filosofia 58 (2):333 - 345.
    Starting from an historical remark of R. Tuch (1993) concerning the relationship between Renaissance scepticism and the first social contract theories, this article defends the idea that the main difference between Hobbes's social contract theory and contemporary contractualism rests on the conception of reason. Comparing Hobbes and Rawls it shows that the first one rejects subjective theories of rationality and conceives the contract as a pre-condition of successfid individual rationality, which allows him both to escape sceptical and relativist criticisms and (...)
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  38. El Estado como producto de la racionalidad estratégica en la filosofía de Thomas Hobbes.Rusbel Martínez Rodríguez - 2002 - El Catoblepas: Revista Crítica Del Presente.
    En este artículo evalúo el comportamiento estratégico de la racionalidad instrumental en el pensamiento político de Thomas Hobbes. Para ello empleo el dilema del prisionero y argumento que tal dilema permite modelar adecuadamente el estado de naturaleza que emplea Hobbes para desarrollar sus formulaciones principales con respecto a la necesidad de un orden institucional y de un poder soberano que garantice la paz.
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  39. Group dynamics in the state of nature.Jason Alexander - 2001 - Erkenntnis 55 (2):169-182.
    One common interpretation of the Hobbesian state of nature views itas a social dilemma, a natural extension of the well-knownprisoner''s dilemma to a group context. Kavka (1986)challenges this interpretation, suggesting that the appropriate wayto view the state of nature is as a quasi social dilemma. Iargue that Hobbes''s remarks on the rationality of keeping covenantsin the state of nature indicate that the quasi social dilemma doesnot accurately represent the state of nature. One possiblesolution, I suggest, views the state of nature (...)
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  40. The Social Contract Theorists: Critical Essays on Hobbes, Locke, and Rousseau.John Charvet, Joshua Cohen, David Gauthier, M. M. Goldsmith, Jean Hampton, Gregory S. Kavka, Patrick Riley, Arthur Ripstein & A. John Simmons (eds.) - 1998 - Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.
    This rich collection will introduce students of philosophy and politics to the contemporary critical literature on the classical social contract political thinkers Thomas Hobbes , John Locke , and Jean-Jacques Rousseau . A dozen essays and book excerpts have been selected to guide students through the texts and to introduce them to current scholarly controversies surrounding the contractarian political theories of these three thinkers.
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  41. Combining morality and rationality: Hobbes on contracts and covenants.Olli Loukola - 1998 - Hobbes Studies 11 (1):70-93.
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  42. The Hobbes Game, Human Diversity, and Learning Styles.Martin E. Gerwin - 1996 - Teaching Philosophy 19 (3):247-258.
    This paper recounts the pedagogical benefits of the Hobbes Game to introduce students to Hobbes' social contract theory. The author introduces a modified version of John Immerwahr's Hobbes Game and organizes the activities according David Kolb's typology of learning styles. The game provides students with a concrete experience of thought experiments from the text and encourages reflective observation of the theory itself. Since the game mimics the experience of the Hobbesian state of nature students are able to see Hobbes' arguments (...)
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  43. The Limits of Hobbesian Contractarianism, Jody Krauss, Cambridge University Press, 1993, 334 + ix pages.Jean Hampton - 1996 - Economics and Philosophy 12 (1):125.
  44. An Analysis of "The Hobbes Game".Lee C. Archie - 1995 - Teaching Philosophy 18 (3):257-268.
    In 1976, John Immerwahr published a classroom simulation designed to illustrate Hobbes’ model of the mutual transfer of rights in the formation of the social contract. The game is fruitfully seized upon in classrooms from a broad range of disciplines (economics, psychology, sociology, etc.) because the lesson of Hobbes’ state of nature and Immerwahr’s game can both be represented and elucidated by principles of game theory. This paper reintroduces a new generation of teachers to what the author calls “one of (...)
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  45. T Magri, Contratto e convenzione. Razionalità, obbligo e imparzialità in Hobbes e Hume. [REVIEW]Sergio Volodia Marcello Cremaschi - 1995 - Rivista di Filosofia Neo-Scolastica 87 (2):364.
    The author examines Hobbes and Hume in the light of recent proposals of neo-Hobbesian political theories. Magri concludes that Hobbes and Hume's strategies would be plausible from the point of view of liberal thinking if they succeeded; the difficulty, however, is that both systems fail to overcome the barrier between individual interests and moral and political principles.
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  46. Harmony, Hobbes and Rational Negotiation.Kevin Gibson - 1994 - Business Ethics Quarterly 4 (3):373-381.
    Dees and Cramton have argued that we should take a deontological stand to make negotiations more ethical (“Promoting Honesty in Negotiation: An Exercise in Practical Ethics” BEQ, Vol. 3, #3). I suggest that their analysis is overdetermined, and that one can, in fact, reach the same conclusions through a Hobbesian approach to negotiation. I suggest that an equally valid way to develop ethical negotiation is through the consequentialist “Harmony Thesis” which posits that moral behavior is coextensive with beneficial results.
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  47. Hobbes and the motivations of social contract theory.Jonathan Wolff - 1994 - International Journal of Philosophical Studies 2 (2):271 – 286.
  48. Naturzustand, Eigentum und Staat. Immanuel Kants Relativierung des „Ideal des hobbes“.Karlfriedrich Herb & Bernd Ludwing - 1993 - Kant Studien 84 (3):283-316.
  49. Naturzustand, Eigentum und Staat. Immanuel Kants Relativierung des „Ideal des hobbes“.Karlfriedrich Herb & Bernd Ludwing - 1993 - Kant Studien 84 (3):283-316.
  50. Hobbes's contractarian account of individual responsibility for group actions.Harry A. Ide - 1993 - Journal of Value Inquiry 27 (3-4):455-464.
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