Results for 'Stephen Hart'

998 found
Order:
  1.  40
    A paradise built in hell: the extraordinary communities that arise in disaster.Stephen Bernardini & Daniel Hart - 2011 - Journal of Moral Education 40 (1):123-125.
  2.  26
    Measuring physiotherapists' guideline adherence by means of clinical vignettes: a validation study.Geert M. J. Rutten, Janneke Harting, Stephen T. J. Rutten, Geertruida E. Bekkering & Stef P. J. Kremers - 2006 - Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice 12 (5):491-500.
  3. Armouring against atrocity: developing ethical strength in small military units.Tom McDermott & Stephen Hart - 2017 - In Peter Olsthoorn (ed.), Military Ethics and Leadership. Brill.
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   1 citation  
  4.  14
    Ethics, Literature, and Theory: An Introductory Reader.Wayne C. Booth, Dudley Barlow, Orson Scott Card, Anthony Cunningham, John Gardner, Marshall Gregory, John J. Han, Jack Harrell, Richard E. Hart, Barbara A. Heavilin, Marianne Jennings, Charles Johnson, Bernard Malamud, Toni Morrison, Georgia A. Newman, Joyce Carol Oates, Jay Parini, David Parker, James Phelan, Richard A. Posner, Mary R. Reichardt, Nina Rosenstand, Stephen L. Tanner, John Updike, John H. Wallace, Abraham B. Yehoshua & Bruce Young (eds.) - 2005 - Sheed & Ward.
    Do the rich descriptions and narrative shapings of literature provide a valuable resource for readers, writers, philosophers, and everyday people to imagine and confront the ultimate questions of life? Do the human activities of storytelling and complex moral decision-making have a deep connection? What are the moral responsibilities of the artist, critic, and reader? What can religious perspectives—from Catholic to Protestant to Mormon—contribute to literary criticism? Thirty well known contributors reflect on these questions, including iterary theorists Marshall Gregory, James Phelan, (...)
    Direct download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  5.  25
    Changes in aspects of social functioning depend upon prior changes in neurodisability in people with acquired brain injury undergoing post-acute neurorehabilitation.Dónal G. Fortune, R. Stephen Walsh, Brian Waldron, Caroline McGrath, Maurice Harte, Sarah Casey & Brian McClean - 2015 - Frontiers in Psychology 6.
    Direct download (5 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  6. Hart's Methodological Positivism.Stephen R. Perry - 2001 - In Jules L. Coleman (ed.), Hart's Postscript: Essays on the Postscript to `the Concept of Law'. Oxford University Press.
    No categories
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   13 citations  
  7. Quasi-Expressivism about Statements of Law: A Hartian Theory.Stephen Finlay & David Plunkett - 2018 - In John Gardner, Leslie Green & Brian Leiter (eds.), Oxford Studies in Philosophy of Law, vol. 3. Oxford University Press. pp. 49-86.
    Speech and thought about what the law is commonly function in practical ways, to guide or assess behavior. These functions have often been seen as problematic for legal positivism in the tradition of H.L.A. Hart. One recent response is to advance an expressivist analysis of legal statements (Toh), which faces its own, familiar problems. This paper advances a rival, positivist-friendly account of legal statements which we call “quasi-expressivist”, explicitly modeled after Finlay’s metaethical theory of moral statements. This consists in (...)
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   6 citations  
  8. Cyril Hart, The Danelaw. London and Rio Grande, Ohio: Hambledon Press, 1992. Pp. xviii, 702; 73 maps, 92 tables.Stephen O. Glosecki - 1995 - Speculum 70 (3):629-631.
    No categories
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  9. Hart's Methodological Positivism.Stephen R. Perry - 1998 - Legal Theory 4 (4):427-467.
    To understand H.L.A. Hart's general theory of law, it is helpful to distinguish betweensubstantiveandmethodologicallegal positivism. Substantive legal positivism is the view that there is no necessary connection between morality and the content of law. Methodological legal positivism is the view that legal theory can and should offer a normatively neutral description of a particular social phenomenon, namely law. Methodological positivism holds, we might say, not that there is no necessary connection between morality and law, but rather that there is (...)
    Direct download (9 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   4 citations  
  10.  50
    Law, Liberty, and Morality.H. L. A. Hart - 1963 - Stanford University Press.
    This incisive book deals with the use of the criminal law to enforce morality, in particular sexual morality, a subject of particular interest and importance since the publication of the Wolfenden Report in 1957. Professor Hart first considers John Stuart Mill's famous declaration: "The only purpose for which power can be rightfully exercised over any member of a civilized community is to prevent harm to others." During the last hundred years this doctrine has twice been sharply challenged by two (...)
    No categories
    Direct download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   65 citations  
  11.  4
    Letting Be: Fred Dallmayr's Cosmopolitical Vision.Stephen Frederick Schneck (ed.) - 2006 - University of Notre Dame Press.
    This volume gathers essays by fourteen scholars, written to honor Fred Dallmayr and the contributions of his political theory. Stephen F. Schneck's introduction to Dallmayr's thinking provides a survey of the development of his work. Dallmayr's “letting be,” claims Schneck, is much akin to his reading of Martin Heidegger's “letting Being be,” and should be construed neither as a conservative acceptance of self-identity nor as a nonengaged indifference to difference. Instead, he explains, endeavoring to privilege neither identity nor difference, (...)
    Direct download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   1 citation  
  12.  79
    Bibliographical essay / legal positivism, natural law, and the Hart/Dworkin debate.Stephen W. Ball - 1984 - Criminal Justice Ethics 3 (2):68-85.
  13.  8
    Ethics, Literature, and Theory: An Introductory Reader.Stephen K. George (ed.) - 2005 - Sheed & Ward.
    Do the rich descriptions and narrative shapings of literature provide a valuable resource for readers, writers, philosophers, and everyday people to imagine and confront the ultimate questions of life? Do the human activities of storytelling and complex moral decision-making have a deep connection? What are the moral responsibilities of the artist, critic, and reader? What can religious perspectives—from Catholic to Protestant to Mormon—contribute to literary criticism? Thirty well known contributors reflect on these questions, including iterary theorists Marshall Gregory, James Phelan, (...)
    No categories
    Direct download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   3 citations  
  14.  58
    Book ReviewsScott Veitch,. Moral Conflict and Legal Reasoning.Portland, Oreg.: Hart Publishing, 1999. Pp. 219. $52.00.Stephen Guest - 2002 - Ethics 113 (1):179-182.
  15.  14
    Temptation, Sinlessness, and Impeccability.Stephen R. Munzer - 2023 - International Philosophical Quarterly 63 (1):91-108.
    Hebrews 4:15 says that Jesus was tempted like other human beings yet never sinned. Sinlessness is not the same as impeccability. Chalcedonian Christology or some variant of it seems necessary to show that Jesus was metaphysically unable to sin. Metaphysical impossibility to sin, though, appears to rule out temptation as experienced by ordinary human beings. This paper argues that Oliver D. Crisp, T. A. Hart, Brian Leftow, and Gerald O’Collins all fall short in trying to show how Jesus was (...)
    No categories
    Direct download (3 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  16.  21
    Debate, Prophecy, and Revolution: Notes on Cathleen Kaveny's Prophecy Without Contempt.William David Hart - 2018 - Journal of Religious Ethics 46 (1):173-180.
    In Prophecy without Contempt, Cathleen Kaveny argues that prevailing scholarly approaches to religious and public discourse misunderstand the actual complexity of moral rhetoric in America. She endeavors to provide a better account through study of the role the Puritan jeremiad has played. Kaveny then offers a normative case for deliberative public moral discourse and the limited exercise of prophetic denunciation. I argue that Kaveny's distinction between deliberation and prophetic denunciation is overdrawn. They are ideal types that elide other rhetorical forms. (...)
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   2 citations  
  17.  46
    Rhetoric, grief, and the imagination in early modern England.Stephen Pender - 2010 - Philosophy and Rhetoric 43 (1):pp. 54-85.
    In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:Rhetoric, Grief, and the Imagination in Early Modern EnglandStephen PenderIn 1633, the Northampton physician James Hart warned that excessive grief "will to some procure irrecoverable Consumptions," dry the brain and bone marrow, hinder digestion, interrupt rest, and "by consequent prove a cause of many dangerous diseases." The risk was grave: "Galen himself maketh answer that one may dye of these passions, and to this doe all Physicians assent; (...)
    Direct download (8 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   1 citation  
  18.  15
    Rhetoric, Grief, and the Imagination in Early Modern England.Stephen Pender - 2010 - Philosophy and Rhetoric 43 (1):54-85.
    In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:Rhetoric, Grief, and the Imagination in Early Modern EnglandStephen PenderIn 1633, the Northampton physician James Hart warned that excessive grief "will to some procure irrecoverable Consumptions," dry the brain and bone marrow, hinder digestion, interrupt rest, and "by consequent prove a cause of many dangerous diseases." The risk was grave: "Galen himself maketh answer that one may dye of these passions, and to this doe all Physicians assent; (...)
    No categories
    Direct download (4 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  19.  49
    Rules, Principles, Algorithms and the Description of Legal Systems.Stephen Utz - 1992 - Ratio Juris 5 (1):23-45.
    Abstract.Although the Hart/Dworkin debate has as much to do with Dworkin's affirmative theory of judicial discretion as with Hart's more comprehensive theory of law, the starting point was of course Dworkin's attempt to demolish the “model of rules,” Hart's alleged analysis of legal systems as collections of conclusive reasons for specified legal consequences. The continuing relevance of this attack for the prospects for any theory of law is the subject of the present essay.
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   1 citation  
  20.  26
    The Rise and Fall of the Mixed Theory of Punishment.Whitley Kaufman, At Nuyen & Stephen Kershnar - 2008 - International Journal of Applied Philosophy 22 (1):37-57.
    In the middle of the twentieth century, many philosophers came to believe that the problem of morally justifying punishment had finally been solved. Defended most famously by Hart and Rawls, the so-called “Mixed Theory” of punishment claimed that justifying punishment required recognizing that the utilitarian and retributive theories were in fact answers to two different questions: utilitarianism answered the question of why we have punishment as an institution, while retribution answered the question of how to punish individual wrongdoers. We (...)
    Direct download (3 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  21. Book Review : The Enterprise Culture, by Peter Sedgwick. London, SPCK,1992. viii + 197pp. 15. Is there a Gospel for the Rich? tlre Christian in a capitalist world, by Richard Harries. London, Mowbray, 1992. 182pp. 12.99. What Does the Lord Require? how American Christians thinkabout ecoi ioni ic justice, by Stephen Hart. Oxford University Press,1992. 253pp. 22.50. [REVIEW]Ronald Preston - 1994 - Studies in Christian Ethics 7 (1):115-118.
  22.  13
    European and American Philosophers.John Marenbon, Douglas Kellner, Richard D. Parry, Gregory Schufreider, Ralph McInerny, Andrea Nye, R. M. Dancy, Vernon J. Bourke, A. A. Long, James F. Harris, Thomas Oberdan, Paul S. MacDonald, Véronique M. Fóti, F. Rosen, James Dye, Pete A. Y. Gunter, Lisa J. Downing, W. J. Mander, Peter Simons, Maurice Friedman, Robert C. Solomon, Nigel Love, Mary Pickering, Andrew Reck, Simon J. Evnine, Iakovos Vasiliou, John C. Coker, Georges Dicker, James Gouinlock, Paul J. Welty, Gianluigi Oliveri, Jack Zupko, Tom Rockmore, Wayne M. Martin, Ladelle McWhorter, Hans-Johann Glock, Georgia Warnke, John Haldane, Joseph S. Ullian, Steven Rieber, David Ingram, Nick Fotion, George Rainbolt, Thomas Sheehan, Gerald J. Massey, Barbara D. Massey, David E. Cooper, David Gauthier, James M. Humber, J. N. Mohanty, Michael H. Dearmey, Oswald O. Schrag, Ralf Meerbote, George J. Stack, John P. Burgess, Paul Hoyningen-Huene, Nicholas Jolley, Adriaan T. Peperzak, E. J. Lowe, William D. Richardson, Stephen Mulhall & C. - 2017 - In Robert L. Arrington (ed.), A Companion to the Philosophers. Oxford, UK: Blackwell. pp. 109–557.
    Peter Abelard (1079–1142 ce) was the most wide‐ranging philosopher of the twelfth century. He quickly established himself as a leading teacher of logic in and near Paris shortly after 1100. After his affair with Heloise, and his subsequent castration, Abelard became a monk, but he returned to teaching in the Paris schools until 1140, when his work was condemned by a Church Council at Sens. His logical writings were based around discussion of the “Old Logic”: Porphyry's Isagoge, aristotle'S Categories and (...)
    No categories
    Direct download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  23. Does Ontology Rest on a Mistake?Stephen Yablo - 1998 - Aristotelian Society Supplementary Volume 72 (1):229 - 283.
    [Stephen Yablo] The usual charge against Carnap's internal/external distinction is one of 'guilt by association with analytic/synthetic'. But it can be freed of this association, to become the distinction between statements made within make-believe games and those made outside them-or, rather, a special case of it with some claim to be called the metaphorical/literal distinction. Not even Quine considers figurative speech committal, so this turns the tables somewhat. To determine our ontological commitments, we have to ferret out all traces (...)
    Direct download (3 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   148 citations  
  24. The myth of the seven.Stephen Yablo - 2005 - In Mark Eli Kalderon (ed.), Fictionalism in Metaphysics. Clarendon Press. pp. 88--115.
  25.  10
    Predicting visual memory across images and within individuals.Cheyenne D. Wakeland-Hart, Steven A. Cao, Megan T. deBettencourt, Wilma A. Bainbridge & Monica D. Rosenberg - 2022 - Cognition 227 (C):105201.
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   2 citations  
  26.  43
    A Failed Refutation and an Insufficiently Developed Insight in Hart’s Law, Liberty, and Morality.Jeffrie G. Murphy - 2013 - Criminal Law and Philosophy 7 (3):419-434.
    H. L. A. Hart, in his classic book Law, Liberty, and Morality, is unsuccessful in arguing that James Fitzjames Stephen’s observations about the role of vice in criminal sentencing have no relevance to a more general defense of legal moralism. He does, however, have a very important insight about the special significance of sexual liberty.
    Direct download (4 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   1 citation  
  27.  38
    The Concept of Law.Hla Hart - 1961 - Oxford, United Kingdom: Oxford University Press UK.
    The Concept of Law is one of the most influential texts in English-language jurisprudence. 50 years after its first publication its relevance has not diminished and in this third edition, Leslie Green adds an introduction that places the book in a contemporary context, highlighting key questions about Hart's arguments and outlining the main debates it has prompted in the field. The complete text of the second edition is replicated here, including Hart's Postscript, with fully updated notes to include (...)
    Direct download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   358 citations  
  28.  53
    Property dualism, phenomenal concepts, and the semantic premise.Stephen L. White - 2006 - In Torin Andrew Alter & Sven Walter (eds.), Phenomenal Concepts and Phenomenal Knowledge: New Essays on Consciousness and Physicalism. Oxford University Press. pp. 210-248.
    This chapter defends the property dualism argument. The term “semantic premise” mentioned is used to refers to an assumption identified by Brian Loar that antiphysicalist arguments, such as the property dualism argument, tacitly assume that a statement of property identity that links conceptually independent concepts is true only if at least one concept picks out the property it refers to by connoting a contingent property of that property. It is argued that, the property that does the work in explaining the (...)
    Direct download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   22 citations  
  29.  87
    Political theory and postmodernism.Stephen K. White - 1991 - New York: Cambridge University Press.
    Postmodernism has evoked great controversy and it continues to do so today, as it disseminates into general discourse. Some see its principles, such as its fundamental resistance to metanarratives, as frighteningly disruptive, while a growing number are reaping the benefits of its innovative perspective. In Political Theory and Postmodernism, Stephen K. White outlines a path through the postmodern problematic by distinguishing two distinct ways of thinking about the meaning of responsibility, one prevalent in modern and the other in postmodern (...)
  30. A Priority and Existence.Stephen Yablo - 2000 - In Paul Artin Boghossian & Christopher Peacocke (eds.), New Essays on the A Priori. Oxford, GB: Oxford University Press. pp. 197--228.
  31. Models of repression.W. D. Hart - 1982 - In Richard Wollheim & James Hopkins (eds.), Philosophical Essays on Freud. New York: Cambridge University Press. pp. 180--201.
  32. No Fool's Cold: Notes on Illusions of Possibility.Stephen Yablo - 2009 - In Oup (ed.), Thoughts. Oxford University Press.
  33. Pragmatism and Binding.Stephen Neale - 2004 - In Zoltán Gendler Szabó (ed.), Semantics Versus Pragmatics. Oxford, GB: Oxford University Press UK. pp. 165-285.
    Names, descriptions, and demonstratives raise well-known logical, ontological, and epistemological problems. Perhaps less well known, amongst philosophers at least, are the ways in which some of these problems not only recur with pronouns but also cross-cut further problems exposed by the study in generative linguistics of morpho-syntactic constraints on interpretation. These problems will be my primary concern here, but I want to address them within a general picture of interpretation that is required if wires are not to be crossed. That (...)
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   40 citations  
  34. Experimental Philosophy and the Philosophical Tradition.Stephen Stich & Kevin P. Tobia - 2016 - In Wesley Buckwalter & Justin Sytsma (eds.), Blackwell Companion to Experimental Philosophy. Malden, MA: Blackwell. pp. 5.
  35.  64
    Action and Production.Stephen White - 2022 - Journal of Ethics and Social Philosophy 22 (2):271-294.
  36. Superproportionality and mind-body relations.Stephen Yablo - 2001 - Theoria 16 (40):65-75.
    Mental causes are threatened from two directions: from below, since they would appear to be screened off by lower-order, e.g., neural states; and from within, since they would also appear to be screened off by intrinsic, e.g., syntactical states. A principle needed to parry the first threat -causes should be proportional to their effects- appears to leave us open to the second; for why should unneeded extrinsic detail be any less offensive to proportionality than excess microstructure? I say that the (...)
    Direct download (4 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   6 citations  
  37. The moral status of animals.Stephen R. L. Clark - 1977 - New York: Oxford University Press.
  38.  5
    Animal Metaphors Revisited: New Uses of Art, Literature, and Science in an Environmental Studies Course.Kathleen Hart - 2017 - Evolutionary Studies in Imaginative Culture 1 (1):159-172.
    This article describes a team-taught environmental studies course called Animal Metaphors. Focusing on animal metaphors in literature and film, the course emphasizes various cognitive and perceptual biases that lead humans to place ourselves above and beyond nature, making us more likely to engage in practices destructive to the environment. Whereas the first iteration of the course underscored various ways in which humans are less rational or moral than we imagine, the new iteration shifted more of the focus to what inspires (...)
    No categories
    Direct download (3 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  39. The adventures of the narrative.Stephen H. Watson - 1988 - In Hugh J. Silverman (ed.), Philosophy and Non-Philosophy Since Merleau-Ponty. Routledge.
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  40.  11
    The Engines of the Soul.W. D. Hart - 1988 - New York: Cambridge University Press.
    This study is an unusual contribution to the philosophy of mind in that it argues for the sometimes unfashionable view of dualism: that mind and matter are distinct and separate entities as Descartes believed. The author takes as his point of departure the imaginative hypothesis of disembodiment, which establishes the possibility of the mind's being a quite non-material thing. There are clear casual correlations between what is physical and what is mental, and the most serious issue confronting dualism since Descartes (...)
    Direct download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   38 citations  
  41. The very idea of a critical social science: a pragmatist turn.Stephen K. White - 2004 - In Fred Rush (ed.), The Cambridge companion to critical theory. New York: Cambridge University Press. pp. 310-335.
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   4 citations  
  42. Permission and (So-Called Epistemic) Possibility.Stephen Yablo - 2010 - In Bob Hale & Aviv Hoffmann (eds.), Modality: metaphysics, logic, and epistemology. Oxford University Press.
  43.  20
    Global media ethics: problems and perspectives.Stephen J. A. Ward (ed.) - 2013 - Chichester, West Sussex, UK: Wiley-Blackwell.
    Global Media Ethics is the first comprehensive cross-cultural exploration of the conceptual and practical issues facing media ethics in a global world. A team of leading journalism experts investigate the impact of major global trends on responsible journalism. The first full-length, truly global textbook on media ethics; Explores how current global changes in media promote and inhibit responsible journalism; Includes relevant and timely ethical discussions based on major trends in journalism and global media; Questions existing frameworks in media ethics in (...)
    Direct download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   2 citations  
  44. Leibniz on Concepts and Their Relation to the Senses (Leibniz über Begriffe und ihr Verhältnis zu den Sinnen).Stephen Puryear - 2008 - In Dominik Perler & Markus Wild (eds.), Sehen und Begreifen. Wahrnehmungstheorien in der Frühen Neuzeit. Berlin, Deutschland: de Gruyter. pp. 235-264.
    Despite holding that all concepts are strictly speaking innate, Leibniz attempts to accommodate the common belief that at least some concepts are adventitious by appealing to his theory of ideal action. The essential idea is that an innate concept can be considered adventitious, in a sense, just in case its ideal cause is to be found outside the mind of the one who possesses the concept. I explore this attempt at accommodation and argue that it fails. [See external link for (...)
    Direct download (4 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   4 citations  
  45. The Engines of the Soul.William D. Hart - 1988 - New York: Cambridge University Press.
    Dr Hart sets out to answer this question by showing that the issue is as much about the nature of causation as it is about the natures of mind and matter.
    Direct download (4 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   22 citations  
  46.  26
    Firm size, organizational visibility and corporate philanthropy: an empirical analysis.Stephen Brammer & Andrew Millington - 2005 - Business Ethics 15 (1):6-18.
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   60 citations  
  47. Sefer U-mesarah li-Yehoshuʻa: beʼurim ha-nogʻim le-divre maʼor ʻenenu ha-Maharal mi-Prag.Yehoshuʻa Daṿid ben Yeḥezḳel Harṭman - 2017 - Nyu Yorḳ: Mekhon Yerushalayim. Edited by Judah Loew ben Bezalel.
    No categories
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  48.  5
    Why don't we learn from history?Basil Henry Liddell Hart - 1971 - London,: Allen & Unwin.
    Direct download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  49.  7
    Why don't we learn from history?Basil Henry Liddell Hart - 1971 - New York,: Hawthorn Books.
    Direct download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  50.  80
    Aquinas and Sartre: on freedom, personal identity, and the possibility of happiness.Stephen Wang - 2009 - Washington, D.C.: Catholic University of America Press.
    Historical introduction -- Human being -- Identity and human incompletion in Sartre -- Identity and human incompletion in Aquinas -- Human understanding -- The subjective nature of objective understanding in Sartre -- The subjective nature of objective understanding in Aquinas -- Human freedom -- Freedom, choice, and the indetermination of reason in Sartre -- Freedom, choice, and the indetermination of reason in Aquinas -- Human fulfillment -- The possibility of human happiness in Sartre -- The possibility of human happiness in (...)
    Direct download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   2 citations  
1 — 50 / 998